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Similarities and Differences between Athens and Sparta

Sparta

Athens

Democratic Society

  • free males over the age of 20 could vote
  • started by Cleisthenes, who believed people should have a voice in their government

Similarities between Athens and Sparta

-Militaristic and Authoritarian

- Didn't value art or intellectual activities

- Despite their large army and militaristic views, Sparta was conservative and non-aggressive

- Their society was disciplined, courageous, obedient, and rigid.

Both Sparta and Athens rejected individualism.

The Spartans militaristic government promoted the whole before the part.

In Athenian Society, citizens who did not conform were ostracized. Some citizens preferred to commit suicide than carry the burden.

"All citizens express their views directly and equally"

"Strict maintenance of military efficiency"

Government

  • Ekklesia- Town Hall
  • Boule- council of citizens
  • Deme- political subdivision within a polis

"Democracy emerged in the Ancient Greece (power of people, in the Ancient Greek understanding rather power of low classes, see Hansen 1986). It is usually associated with Cleisthenes' constitution of 508/507 BC (Hansen 1986; Manin 1997) which introduced the ostracism (vote-based banishing of unpopular politicians for 10 years) and prescribed a systematic participation of all citizens in the political life and an active work in legislative, executive, and juridical bodies. All important questions were discussed in the Ekklesia (Popular Assembly), and at least 600 of 700 magistrate."

Valued the Arts and Sciences

Social Irony

Athens

Athens was democratic. Their government recognized that individual people have individual views and opinions. This philosophy aligns with the democratic government. However, the Athenians ostracized, or removed, people who did not fit into the social norm of their society. The recognition of individualism and the rejection of individuals are two non-cohesive ideas. These ideas develop social irony in Athens culture.

Sparta

Sparta was a militaristic city-state. However, they rarely had to use their army because it was so large and revered.

Also, Athens, the democracy, chose to fight with Sparta when Sparta had a clear superior military. The irony is simply that Sparta as a militaristic city-state did not cause altercations with other Greek poleis whereas Athens with a democratic government did. Finally, Sparta was a dual monarchy headed by ephors. However, the Spartans followed a structure of "total obedience" and "rejection of individualism" which suggest more of a dictator-like ruling than anything.

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