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Transcript

Oxidative Phosphorylation

H+ ions

  • H+ ions are important because they are what create a gradient
  • concentration gradient is what causes them to go through the ATP synthase to make it spin
  • the spinning of the part of the ATP synthase is what causes the protein to change shape a little bit and put phosphorous groups onto the ADP molecules to make ATP

Oxygen

  • oxygen is the final electron acceptor
  • the electrons at the end of the electron transport chain join with 1/2 O2 (one oxygen atom) and 2 hydrogen ions from the surroundings, forming H2O
  • this is why oxygen is so important, because it is what drives the electrons through the electron transport chain (it has a high electronegativity which means it has a strong pull for electrons)

NADH and FADH2

  • these are what carry the electrons through the electron transport chain
  • they are "shuttle molecules"
  • they each carry 2 electrons
  • before they are reduced (gain electrons) they are NAD+ and FAD
  • once they gain electrons, NAD+ is neutralized and it gains H, and FAD becomes FADH2

Finally Producing ATP!

oxygen, NADH, and H+ are all important in the process of oxidative phosphorylation--the last of the three steps of cellular respiration.

NADH (produced by the first two steps) carries the electrons and H+ through the electron transport chain

H+ are pumped into the intermembrane space, creating a concentration gradient which is what powers the spinning of the ATP synthase

oxygen accepts the electrons at the end of the chain and picks up 2 H+ to form water- a product of cellular respiration

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