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Proper Citation is crucial to maintain credibility with your reader
Quotes
Paraphrase
Used to help you
Provide info from a source
Putting what the author has to say in your own words and providing appropriate citation
make sure quotes are copied exactly
Help explain a source's argument or information
Paraphrase is NOT changing a few words from a quote
Use quotation marks to show where your words end and where words from source begin.
Quotes can't work effectively without your own words to help explain them
If you're looking at the source to help you start writing the sentence, it's not a paraphrase.
Do NOT work with sources in front of you.
Use "the most vital part of a quote" to support your point
Use your own head to write, then refer to source to pull facts and figures
More quoted material = more chance for reader confusion
can lead to presenting source wording as your own
Sentences before and after quote provide context for reader to understand how the quote fits in to what you're saying
THAT'S paraphrase
Only refer to source when you are ready to capture an exact quote
Using quotes and paraphrase
Examples
signal phrase
Be sure you provide citations for facts that are not common knowledge, regardless of whether you choose to use a direct quote or paraphrase.
Using a direct quote:
The President points out that the new laws “...would also help ensure that companies like BP that are responsible for oil spills are the ones that pay... not the taxpayers” (Obama).
Common Knowledge:
1
Plastic can hurt the Earth.
Opioids can be addictive.
Lots of people use social media.
Facts that require citation:
note how authors words combine with quoted
material to form a clear, complete sentence.
ellipses help
you shorten
quotes
Statistics
Definitions
facts most readers do
not already know
Dates
Specific events
Paraphrase: According to the President, the proposed legislation would hold oil companies accountable for damages caused by oil spills and provide affordable loans to businesses whose profits have been affected by such incidents (Obama).
2
If you know it because of reading something, you have to cite the thing you read.
my words, not Obama's, so no quotation marks needed.
his facts so I do need the in-text
citation