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Proper Citation is crucial to maintain credibility with your reader

Quotes

Paraphrase

Used to help you

Provide info from a source

Putting what the author has to say in your own words and providing appropriate citation

make sure quotes are copied exactly

Help explain a source's argument or information

Paraphrase is NOT changing a few words from a quote

Use quotation marks to show where your words end and where words from source begin.

Quotes can't work effectively without your own words to help explain them

If you're looking at the source to help you start writing the sentence, it's not a paraphrase.

Do NOT work with sources in front of you.

Use "the most vital part of a quote" to support your point

Use your own head to write, then refer to source to pull facts and figures

More quoted material = more chance for reader confusion

can lead to presenting source wording as your own

Sentences before and after quote provide context for reader to understand how the quote fits in to what you're saying

THAT'S paraphrase

Only refer to source when you are ready to capture an exact quote

Using quotes and paraphrase

Examples

signal phrase

Be sure you provide citations for facts that are not common knowledge, regardless of whether you choose to use a direct quote or paraphrase.

Using a direct quote:

The President points out that the new laws “...would also help ensure that companies like BP that are responsible for oil spills are the ones that pay... not the taxpayers” (Obama).

Common Knowledge:

1

Plastic can hurt the Earth.

Opioids can be addictive.

Lots of people use social media.

Facts that require citation:

note how authors words combine with quoted

material to form a clear, complete sentence.

ellipses help

you shorten

quotes

Statistics

Definitions

facts most readers do

not already know

Dates

Specific events

Paraphrase: According to the President, the proposed legislation would hold oil companies accountable for damages caused by oil spills and provide affordable loans to businesses whose profits have been affected by such incidents (Obama).

2

If you know it because of reading something, you have to cite the thing you read.

my words, not Obama's, so no quotation marks needed.

his facts so I do need the in-text

citation

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