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Relational Dialectics Theory

1. Leslie A. Baxter

2. W. K Rawlins

3. Barbra M. Montgomery

- In 1999 Leslie A. Baxter and W. K Rawlins proposed the Relational Dialectics Theory.

- Leslie A. Baxter and Barbra M. Montgomery simplified the concept based on their own study and research. They are known as the researches that are most closely associated with the application of this theory.

1. Autonomy and Connection

2. Openness and Protection

3. Noevelty and Predictability

4. Contextual Dialectics

Tensions resulting from the place of the relationship within the culture

Two types of contextual dialectics which can be experienced in two different ways

1. Public and private Dialectic

2. Real and Ideal Diealectic

1. Public and Private Dialectic

- A contextual dialectic resulting from a private relationship and a public life

- Rawlins says that in the public realm, friendship occupies an unimportant

position

- Lilian Rubin adds that public expectations favours family relationship over

friendships even if individuals may value their friends more than their family.

2. Real and Ideal Dialectic

- In this contextual dialectic situation,tension may rise because of the difference

between idealized relationships and lives relationships

- This means the contrasting expectations that one has of a relationship with its lived

realities

How has relational dialectics been extended by other research in different kinds of relationships?

1. Apker, Propp, & Ford (2005) found several “role dialectics” related to how nurses negotiate

status and identity

2. Kramer (2004) advanced eleven dialectic tensions related to task group functioning, organized

into four main categories

a) Group/individual

b) Ordered activities/emergent activities

Ic) nclusion/exclusion

d) Acceptable behaviors/unacceptable behaviors

3. Other research focuses on illness and death in the context of family

a) Dialectic of presence/absence important in various family events

b) Dialectic of joy/grief found in research related to premature

birth

4 primary strategies used to handle dialectic tensions

1. Clyclic alternation : Refer to changes overtime

( eg : being close when young and more distant with age)

2. Segmentation : Changes due to context

( eg : being close at home ad more distant at work)

3. Selection : Prioritizing Opposition

( eg : being an extremely close family)

4. Integration : the oppositions in dialectic tensions which is composed of 3 substrategies

a) Neutralizing

b) Disqualifying

c) Re-framing

How to Apply To Research?

Researches done are

1. A Dialectical Approach to Intercultural Communication

( By Judith N. Martin , Thomas K Nakayama, Lisa A. Flores.)

2. Dialectical Theory of Friendship

( Paper by Eskil Sivertsen)

In our daily lifes?

1) With your significant partners

2) With friends and co-workers

THANK YOU!

Who are the

theorist?

wHAT DOES IT MEAN?

“ A dynamic knot of contradictions in personal relationships or an unceasing interplay between contrary or opposing tendencies.”

“ Dialectics refers to conflicts between two important but opposing needs or desire”

Beyond Dialectics Theory

Basic Relational Dialectics

Contextual Dialectics

Responses to Dialectics

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