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1. Leslie A. Baxter
2. W. K Rawlins
3. Barbra M. Montgomery
- In 1999 Leslie A. Baxter and W. K Rawlins proposed the Relational Dialectics Theory.
- Leslie A. Baxter and Barbra M. Montgomery simplified the concept based on their own study and research. They are known as the researches that are most closely associated with the application of this theory.
1. Autonomy and Connection
2. Openness and Protection
3. Noevelty and Predictability
4. Contextual Dialectics
Tensions resulting from the place of the relationship within the culture
Two types of contextual dialectics which can be experienced in two different ways
1. Public and private Dialectic
2. Real and Ideal Diealectic
1. Public and Private Dialectic
- A contextual dialectic resulting from a private relationship and a public life
- Rawlins says that in the public realm, friendship occupies an unimportant
position
- Lilian Rubin adds that public expectations favours family relationship over
friendships even if individuals may value their friends more than their family.
2. Real and Ideal Dialectic
- In this contextual dialectic situation,tension may rise because of the difference
between idealized relationships and lives relationships
- This means the contrasting expectations that one has of a relationship with its lived
realities
How has relational dialectics been extended by other research in different kinds of relationships?
1. Apker, Propp, & Ford (2005) found several “role dialectics” related to how nurses negotiate
status and identity
2. Kramer (2004) advanced eleven dialectic tensions related to task group functioning, organized
into four main categories
a) Group/individual
b) Ordered activities/emergent activities
Ic) nclusion/exclusion
d) Acceptable behaviors/unacceptable behaviors
3. Other research focuses on illness and death in the context of family
a) Dialectic of presence/absence important in various family events
b) Dialectic of joy/grief found in research related to premature
birth
4 primary strategies used to handle dialectic tensions
1. Clyclic alternation : Refer to changes overtime
( eg : being close when young and more distant with age)
2. Segmentation : Changes due to context
( eg : being close at home ad more distant at work)
3. Selection : Prioritizing Opposition
( eg : being an extremely close family)
4. Integration : the oppositions in dialectic tensions which is composed of 3 substrategies
a) Neutralizing
b) Disqualifying
c) Re-framing
How to Apply To Research?
Researches done are
1. A Dialectical Approach to Intercultural Communication
( By Judith N. Martin , Thomas K Nakayama, Lisa A. Flores.)
2. Dialectical Theory of Friendship
( Paper by Eskil Sivertsen)
In our daily lifes?
1) With your significant partners
2) With friends and co-workers
Who are the
theorist?
“ A dynamic knot of contradictions in personal relationships or an unceasing interplay between contrary or opposing tendencies.”
“ Dialectics refers to conflicts between two important but opposing needs or desire”