Lesson 4: Muscular System GCSE PE Edexcel

Plenary/Homework:

1) Label the muscle man (with correct spellings).

2) Fill out the table on the next slide.

The term 'muscular system' describes all the muscles in the body and how they work.

Movement happens as a result of muscles contracting and lengthening.

Muscles also define body shape and maintain posture, whether sitting or standing.

The Muscular System

We will have a look at the different muscles.

Stick your stickers on your partner where you think that they should go.

Voluntary Muscles

Can be consciously controlled.

Fatigue quickly.

Can be trained to be stronger and work for longer periods of time without getting tired.

They are the muscles we work on to improve flexibility and allow greater range of movement at the joints.

These are the muscles used when exercising and playing sport.

Voluntary Muscles

Involuntary Muscles

Cardiac Muscle

Cardiac muscle is a special type of muscle that forms the walls of the heart chambers.

It is a type of involuntary muscle, as it contracts without conscious thought or effort.

These muscles contract and lengthen by themselves.

Muscles around internal organs.

It works non-stop without ever tiring.

When it contracts it pumps blood out of the heart and around the body.

Aims & Objectives:

• To be able to name the TYPES of muscle in the body and provide functions of each.
• To identify and explain the function of each voluntary muscle.
• To describe and explain how antagonistic pairs work together to create movement.

Can you think of an example of an involuntary muscle?

Working muscles around joints:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Cartilage prevents the ends

of bones rubbing together at joints. Its slippery surface also helps to lubricate the joint.

Ligaments are tough, elastic fibres that link bones to bones.

Tendons connect muscles to bones.

Have a think about what muscles are working around the following joints?

- knee

- Shoulder

- ankle

- hip

Antagonistic Muscles Work in Pairs!

Muscles can only do one thing - PULL.

To make a joint move in 2 directions, you need 2 muscles that can pull in opposite directions.

1) Antagonistic muscles are pairs of muscles that work against each other.

2) One muscle contracts (shortens) while the other one relaxes (lengthens) and vice versa.

3) The muscle that is doing the work (contracting) is the prime mover, or agonist.

4) The muscle that is relaxing is the antagonist.

5) Each muscle is attached to two bones.

6) Only one of the bones connected at the joint actually moves.

1 Complete the worksheet ‘The Muscular System’ and name all the muscles with the correct spelling.

2 Describe what each muscle does by relating their movement to a particular sporting activity and what classification it is, set out in table as below. Give 8 examples.

Tendon: A tissue that joins muscle to bone.

LEARN THE

SPELLINGS!!!!

Isotonic and Isometric Contractions...

The muscles that you need to know:

- deltoid

- trapezius

- latissimus dorsi

- pectorals

- abdominals

- biceps

- triceps

- gluteals

- quadriceps

- hamstrings

- gastrocnemius

- tibialis anterior

- hip flexor

Isotonic:

This type of contraction results in limb movement. For example, a press-up.

Isometric:

This type of contraction occurs when the muscle contracts but stays in a fixed position. For example, the plank position.