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Transcript

Questions Cont.

Why does Mr. Dolphus Raymond drink out of a sack?

Passage

  • "Then you just pretend you're half-? I beg your pardon, sir,..." ( page 200-201)

Literary Element:

-Mr. Raymond wants everyone to believe he is under the influence of whiskey. He is married to a colored woman and has several biracial children, something people often question. He would rather them think he is drunk than deal with their criticisms.

  • This passage is important in this chapter because this is when Mr. Dolphus Raymond tells Dill, Scout, and Jem about all the assumptions that people make about and how they are not true. He tells them that they can understand it.
  • Irony is a contrast between what is expected to happen and what actually exists.
  • In this chapter we learn that Mr. Dolphus Raymond is not what everybody thinks he is. He puts on an outer cover, just like the paper bag over his Coca- Cola bottle. Mr. Raymond does not want to show who he really is because he likes to live the way he does but others don't so he hides it with "alcohol".

Questions

Literary Element:

What could be a reason Atticus says "In the name of God believe him" at the end of his speech?

Literary Element:

  • A symbol is a person, place or object that stands for something beyond itself. The paper bag over the coca- cola bottle symbolizes the way that Mr. Raymond is trying to cover up how he lives his life. The way that he hides the identity of his bottle is just like his life; they are both hidden and thought to be something else.
  • The coca- cola that Dill tried and liked symbolizes how the assumptions are not true. This can also symbolize how the racial prejudices are false and the black people are just like the white people or just like Jem, Scout, and Dill.
  • Foreshadowing is the technique of hinting about some event that has not yet occurred. This chapter foreshadows the outcome of the trial. We learn that Atticus knows something about all the evidence that could make a difference in the trial.

-Atticus knows how racist Maycomb is and he really wants the jury to believe Tom's story. Even though there are fewer holes in Tom's story and it is more believable, Atticus knows that the jury may not believe Tom because he is black.

Passage

  • "Atticus paused and took his out handkerchief. Then he took off his glasses and..." ( page 204-205)
  • This little passage has a lot of meaning. It shows that Atticus was nervous about this trial and how it would affect everybody. Jem and Scout were noticing thinks that he was doing that they have never seen him do before. He loosened his tie, unbuttoned his vest and collar, and took off his coat. Atticus' unusual behavior might have foreshadowed the results of the trial.

Plot Summary

Chapter 20 picks up in the case of Tom Robinson.

The chapter starts as Scout and Dill leave the courthouse and run into Mr. Dolphus Raymond. He offers Dill a drink from his mysterious brown paper bag and when Dill drinks, he finds out its just Coca-Cola. The kids find out that Mr. Raymond is never actually drunk; he just pretends to be so he doesn't have to explain his life to everyone with questions and criticisms about the way he chooses to lead it.

Plot Summary Cont.

Vocabulary

Back in the courthouse, Atticus is delivering his speech to the jury, using a technique Scout has never seen before, loosening his vest, collar and tie and actually taking off his coat. He explains his story, that Tom did not rape Mayella. He explains that the reason Tom is being blamed is to ensure that the Ewells social status is kept, and gives clear evidence that Mayella's father was the one who beat her. Atticus shows how much he cares about this case with his actions and words at the end of the chapter. The chapter ends when Calpurnia walks into the courtroom towards Atticus.

  • quieten- to become quiet

Vocabulary...continued

  • " Take a good sip, it'll quieten you."
  • contraband- anything prohibited by law from being imported or exported.

page 200

  • " But in this case she was no child hiding stolen contraband: she struck out at her victim - of necessity she must put him away from her- he must be removed from her presence, from his world."

Theme

Conclusion

page 203

There are many major themes of chapter 20. One theme is never to rely on prejudices or assumptions to make up your mind about someone or something. This is related into the chapter many times, first with Mr. Dolphus Raymond. The kids had spent a long time believing that he was a drunk and strange. However, in this chapter, all their assumptions are proven wrong when they find out he drinks Coca-Cola and he tells them that he doesn't care what people think, he wants to live like he does.

This theme is also demonstrated in the courtroom when the jury is judging Tom's case with heavy prejudice. We can see this when Atticus looks so dishevled during his speech, he knows the jury might not care what he has to say.

In conclusion, chapter 20 is very important to the novel. It reveals many important themes such as not to make prejudices and assumptions and shows more of how hard Atticus is trying to win the case, wit his long eloquent speech to the jury. This chapter adds a richness to the book with its theme and with showing how much Atticus cares about this case.

Vocabulary...continued

  • corroborative (corroborate)- to make certain, confirm

Introduction

  • "...absence of any corroborative evidence, this man was indicted on a capital charge and is now on trial for his life..."

Chapter 20 is very important to the novel. It introduces many new ideas. For example, we learn that Mr. Dolphus Raymond is really drinking Coca-Cola instead of whiskey. Chapter 20 continues to show how Atticus is desperately trying to make the jury believe that Tom Robinson is innocent. Chapter 20 is essential to the novel because it further proves how though Atticus was appointed to defend Tom Robinson; he is actually going to try his best to make sure he is well defended.

page 202

Questions

Why do you think Atticus loosened his tie, and unbuttoned a few buttons on his vest and shirt while making his speech to the jury?

Chapter Twenty

-He was doing the same thing Scout subconsciously did that night at the jail in chapter 15, talking to Mr. Underwood. Atticus is attempting to remind the jury that he is still human and they should listen to him.

Introduction

By: Morgan Schultz

and

Mikaella Verblaauw

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