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Ausubel's Meaningful Verbal Learning/ Subsumption Theory

David Ausubel

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Lives In

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Brooklyn, New York

He thought that the primary way of learning was subsumption:

-a process by which new material is related to relevant ideas in the

existing cognitive structure. This signifies that one's prior knowledge and biases limit and affect what is learned.

* Retention of new knowledge is greater because it is based on prior concrete concepts.

Work Experience

*A professor at schools of Education:

University of Illinois, University of Toronto, and in the European universities at Berne, the Salesian University at Rome, and the Officer's Training College at Munich.

* Retired from professional life in 1994 to devote himself full time, at the age of 75, to writing. Four books resulted.

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Meaningful learning can take place through 4 processes:

Education

Derivative subsumption

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*Attended University of Pennsylvania, majoring in Psychology for pre-med.

*Earned Ph.D in Developmental Psychologyfrom Columbia University.

This describes the situation in which the new information you learn is an example of a concept that you have already learned.

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Correlative subsumption

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More valuable learning than that of derivative subsumption, since it enriches the higher level of concept.

Focus of Ausubel's Theory

1. The most important factor influencing learning is the quantity, clarity and organization of the learner's present knowledge.

2. Ausubel believed that before new material can be presented effectively, the student's cognitive structure should be strengthened. When this is done, acquisition and retention of new information is facilitated.

Superordinate learning

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In this case, you already knew a lot of examples of the concept, but you did not know the concept until it was taught to pupils.

Combinatorial learning

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It describes a process by which the new idea is derived from another idea that comes from his previous knowledge.

Students could think of this as learning by analogy.

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