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DIMMING FUNDAMENTALS

0-10V DIMMING SYSTEM

ELECTRICITY & LIGHTING

THE WAR OF CURRENTS

(LATE 1880's)

During the initial years of electricity distribution, Edison's direct current was the standard for the United States, and Edison did not want to lose the associated patent royalties.

Direct current worked well with incandescent lamps, which were the principal load of the day, and with motors. Direct-current systems could be directly used with storage batteries, providing valuable load-leveling and backup power during interruptions of generator operation

Nikola Tesla

In the alternating current system, a transformer was used to reduce the voltage from the (relatively) high voltage distribution system to a lower and safer voltage for the customer loads. Lamps and small motors could still be operated at some convenient low voltage, but the transformer would allow power to be transmitted at much higher voltages of, say, ten times that of the loads

This meant that fewer, larger generating plants could serve the load in a given area. Large loads, such as industrial motors or converters for electric railway power, could be served by the same distribution network that fed lighting, by using a transformer that reduced the voltage to a suitable secondary voltage.

Thomas Edison

DIRECT CURRENT vs ALTERNATING CURRENT

George

Westinghouse

DC Electric Distribution

AC Electric Distribution

Direct Current (DC)

Charge flows in one direction.

Examples: Batteries, Solar Panels

Champion: Thomas Edison

Alternating Current (AC)

HOW TO WE MEASURE ELECTRICITY?

Charge flows back and forth

Examples: Alternators, Generators

Champions: Nikola Tesla, George Westinhouse

Voltage = Volts = V

Current = Amps = I

Georg Ohm

Resistance = Ohms = R

Power = Watts (VA) = W

WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?

Georg Simon Ohm (16 March 1789 – 6 July 1854) was a German physicist and mathematician. As a school teacher, Ohm began his research with the new electrochemical cell, invented by Italian scientist Alessandro Volta. Using equipment of his own creation, Ohm found that there is a direct proportionality between the potential difference (voltage) applied across a conductor and the resultant electric current. This relationship is known as Ohm's law.

Ohm's Triangle

FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY

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