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The 5 Most Important Inventions of the 19th Century

Chelsea Regehr

The Locomotive

The Rifle

The Lightbulb/Electricity

Works Cited

-The first steam engine locomotive was invented by George Stephenson in 1814.

-He used the steam engine, which had been officially introduced at the beginning of the 19th century to power the locomotive.

-He ran it on an uphill track of 450 feet and carried 8 full coal wagons, which weighed 30 tons. The locomotive ran at 4 miles an hour

Criteria

Bellis, Mary. "History of the Railroad." About.com. n. page. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. <http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventors/a/Stephenson.htm>.

-Rifles had been invented during previous centuries, around the 1700s, but it wasn't until 1805 when Reverend John Forsyth of Scotland invented the percussion system of ignition that the rife was greatly improved.

-When the hammer of the rifle hit the percussion cap it would explode and send flames into the barrel, which would ignite the powder charge and expel the bullet from the gun.

-This increased the speed and accuracy of the shot of the rifle.

-The lightbulb was invented by Thomas Edison in 1879, who actually improved a 50 year old idea.

-He used lower current electricity, a small carbonized filament and an improved vacuum inside the globe.

-Edison was able to produce a long-lasting source of light that could be turned on with the flick of a switch.

The Telephone

Bellis, Mary . "The Inventions of Thomas Edison." About.com. n. page. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bledison.htm>.

Photography

Butler, Chris. "Railroads and Their Impact." Flow of History. (2007): n. page. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. <http://www.flowofhistory.com/units/eme/17/FC112>.

Danelek, Jeff. "Top 10 Greatest Inventions of the 19th Century." TopTenz.net. (2010): n. page. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. <http://www.toptenz.net/top-10-greatest-inventions-of-the-19th-century.php>.

-The invention clearly changed the way people lived during the 19th century

-The invention led to other innovations and improved products

-The invention still has a significant role in society today

(Pike)

(Bellis)

Monaghan, Adam. "5 Innovations That Changed Photography Forever." conversations. (2013): n. page. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. <http://conversations.nokia.com/2012/11/01/5-innovations-that-changed-photography-forever/>.

"Rail Vehicles." Bombardier (2013): n.pag. Bombardier. Web. 13 Nov 2013. <http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles.html>.

(Bellis)

-The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell on March 10, 1876.

-The telephone was able to transmit speech electrically.

-Bell was able to create the telephone through building "a working transmitter that with a membrane capable of varying electronic currents and a receiver that would reproduce these variations in audible frequencies."

Wang, Yue. "More People Have Cell Phones Than Toilets, UN Study Shows." Time . 25 03 2013: n. page. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://newsfeed.time.com/2013/03/25/more-people-have-cell-phones-than-toilets-u-n-study-shows/>.

Criteria

Pike, John. "Rifle History." GlobalSecurity.org. (2011): n. page. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. <http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/rifle-history.htm>.

-In 1827, Joseph Nicephore Niepce took the first photograph with a camera obscura, these had been invented in the Middle Ages and slowly developed over time. The photograph was an image that was taken by light, capturing what was in front of the lens.

-Louis Daguerre formed a partnership with Niepce in 1829 and developed the photography process.

-Fixed images were placed on a sheet of silver-plated copper, the silver was polished and coated in iodine, which made it sensitive to light. The plate was put into the camera and exposed for a few minutes and "painted by light." The plate was bathed in a solution of silver chloride, which created a lasting image.

-The locomotive changed the way people lived in the 19th century through the introduction of railway systems, which made it easy for people to travel across America by the end of the 19th century. It also spread and sped up transportation which led to urbanization and industrialization in cities like London. There were also many new jobs for people, which also led to child labor as well.

Criteria

-The development of the steam-powered locomotive has led to new low-maintenance and reduced energy consumption models of high-speed trains, monorails and metros for passengers and freight transportation.

-The invention of the light bulb changed people's lives in the 19th century with the introduction of the modern electric utility industry in the 1880s. Soon electricity was being provided to many households across the U.S. and then, the entire world.

(Bellis)

-The invention of photography changed people's lives in the 19th century with its ability to capture a persons true likeness as well as accurately portray historical events such as the earthquake of San Francisco in 1906, WWI and WWII, executions, racism and important leaders.

Criteria

-Today people are able to travel quickly and efficiently with some of the best railways in Europe and some of the fastest trains in large cities. Many people rely on the metro, commuter trains and intercity trains .

-With the invention of the rifle, armies were able to further modernize weapons and equipment. Many American pioneers became skilled with the rifle, since it was readily available and perfect for hunting and defending. It was mainly used in American warfare

-Photography led to hand held cameras (box brownie camera), flexible roll film developed in the late 1800s and colour photography being introduced in the 1940s.

-People in the 19th century were able to communicate quicker and easily without having to read or write. Although, people's privacy was often violated over the telephone. By 1900, there were 600,000 telephones in Bell's system.

-The light bulb led to the invention of the television, radio, refrigerator and the curling iron through the use of electricity. The light bulb itself has been innovated to more energy efficient products.

("Bombardier")

-The invention of the rifle continued to be improved upon throughout the 19th century. Rifling improved accuracy and range, the cartridge made it possible to increase the rate of fire exponentially and breech loading made it possible to load a rifle from the back.

-Today photography is used to document some of the most important events in history. Today, there are digital cameras, disposable cameras, and cameras that can film in HD. Many cellphones now have cameras as well. Some of the biggest brands include Kodak, Nikon and Cannon.

-The invention of the telephone led to commercial phone services in 1877 in America and dial phones in the 1880s, this led to the development of cordless phones and cell phones.

-Today almost every household has electricity and are dependent on light bulbs for every room. Cities are lit up with bright lights which can even be seen from space. Without electricity, society today would be completely different.

(Monaghan)

(Bellis)

-Since the invention of the rifle, there have been many new innovations and types of rifles created. Rifles are still widely popular in the USA, mostly for recreational purposes. Although, this has led to much gun control controversy.

-Today, most households around the world have a telephone, while 6 billion people own a cellphone. Most of society depends largely on quick and easy communication thanks to the phone. This has led to new products and companies such as Apple, Blackberry, AT&T and of course, Bell.

The First Photograph

(Danelek)

(Wang)

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