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There are different types of reductionism:

The Debate:

  • Are the following approaches reductionist or not?
  • WHY/ WHY NOT are they reductionist?

Holism

Reductionism

Social Reductionism

  • Everything can be reduced into simpler parts.

Which of the approaches/ studies tried to study behaviour by looking at the whole person rather than just one aspect?

Behaviour is ONLY affected by other people and nothing else.

  • Trying to study the full complexity of human behaviour in "little pieces" is not possible.

Physiological Reductionism

  • Social Approach
  • Physiological Approach
  • Behaviourist Perspective
  • Psychdynamic Perspective
  • Individual Differences
  • When studying complex human behaviour, we should try to break it down into little parts.

Behaviour is ONLY affected by our physiology and nothing else.

  • A person is more than just a collection of parts.

When studying psychology, should we focus on one single aspect of human behaviour at a time, or should we try to take everything into account?

Behavioural Reductionism

Behaviour is ONLY affected by conditioning and nothing else.

  • Once we understand each "little part" fully, we then move onto another part, understand that and so on...
  • We should try to study a person as a WHOLE.

Brain Structure

Experience

Environment

Grey Matter

Family

Neurones

History

Chemicals

Reductionism

vs.

Examples

Strengths and Weaknesses of Reductionism

Research has shown that if you live near a busy international airport, you are more likely to develop mental health issues.

Depression

Social

Family, friends, environment

Physiological

Chemical imbalance in the brain

Cognitive

Thinking about things in a disordered way

Behaviourist

Surrounded my unpleasant stimuli

  • We can study in detail, whether what is being studied has an effect on the larger issue.

Holism

Psychodynamic

  • Studying one thing at a time means it is possible to miss out on other factors that have an impact on behaviour.

Unconscious struggles affecting behaviour

Strengths

Weaknesses

Can you explain why...

Why are:

  • Studying details scientifically and in detail and usually lack ecological validity, meaning results might not necessarily be generalised to the real world.
  • Breaking down complex behaviours into small parts mean that they can then be tested scientifically (reliably and controlled).
  • Milgram
  • Bandura
  • Loftus and Palmer
  • Maguire
  • Individual differences
  • Developmental

A2 Psychology

Debates and Perspectives

MORE holistic?

... explain their results in a reductionist way?

Choose a celebrity

Describe that celebrity in one word.

Now...

Describe the celebrity in five words.

or one of your choice

Genetics

Childhood Experience

Age

Interests

Unconscious Desires

Education

Phobias

Place of Birth

Neurotransmitters

Biology

Brain Structure

Friendship Groups

Family

Medications

Childhood Experience

Genetics

Friendship Groups

Brain Structure

Family

Phobias

Unconscious Desires

Interests

Age

Education

Place of Birth

Neurotransmitters

Biology

Medications

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