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Poverty in the Pine Ridge Reservation: A Case Study of Conditions on Native American Reservations

Rachel Bowen, Zane Nelson, and Brian Pascual

http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/pine-ridge-indian-reservation-women-lead-fight-against-alcohol/

http://www.kdlt.com/news/local-news/FEMA-Sending-Temporary-Houses-To-Pine-Ridge-Reservation/35743994

http://www.truesiouxhope.org/blog/

IHON 328: Simple, Complicated, and Complex Problems

Simple: Problems that can be resolved and replicated on a step by step basis where the nature of the parts is noted

Complicated: A problem with high degree of protocol and expertise but if all steps are followed, the degree of replication and success are high

Complex: A problem in which the answer lies in the essence of the relationship between different people, difference experiences, and different moments in time

Is poverty on Pine Ridge Reservation a simple, complicated, or complex problem?

About Pine Ridge Reservation

History

Location

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Ridge_Indian_Reservation

Prior to Lewis and Clark Expedition, lived in Great Plains from mid-to-late 17th century

Adopted horse and bison-centric culture in 1730s

Oglala="To Scatter One's Own"

Lakota first put onto reservations with the

Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868

http://www.voanews.com/content/battling-youth-suicide-on-pine-ridge-indian-reservation/2952709.html

Chief Sitting Bull, fought at Little Big Horn

The Culture

Home to Oglala Sioux Tribe

Tribal Enrollment: approximately 20,000*

Language: Lakota

https://centerofthewest.org/2014/06/03/points-west-virtual-collection-pim/

http://www.lakotacircle.org/?page_id=246

http://www.nativecircle.com/four-winds.html

http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/northdakota/explore/putting-bison-back-on-the-prairie.xml

Economic Climate in Pine Ridge Reservation

Only 212 out of every 1000 people on the reservation have jobs.

2/3 of Pine Ridge adults suffer from alcoholism

1/4 of Pine Ridge children suffer from Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Alcohol Ban on Pine Ridge Reservation

Do you agree with the decision to lift the alcohol ban?

Is there a better solution?

Whiteclay, Nebraska, a border town to

Pine Ridge, is home to 12 people and

4 liquor stores (2010)

Food Practices and Other Health Related Problems

  • Some classrooms/schools follow healthy food practices; others do not
  • Almost 40% of families reported food insecurity
  • Food insecurity is prevalent in Pine Ridge
  • Children with food insecurity; feed on fast food on convenience stores 2x
  • Diabetes Rate (Children): 24.7%
  • Children/Obesity Rate (Preschool): 14.9%
  • Adult Obesity Rate: 27.7%
  • Death Rate (infants): 300% higher
  • Teenagers Death Rate: 150%
  • Ties with Health Care availability
  • What problems arise from trying to change these food habits?

https://www.pinterest.com/lakotachildren/pine-ridge-reservation/

Barriers to Implementing Change

  • Cultural implications to changing diets of residents
  • Tribe members disagree on how to solve economic problems

Source:http://sevenclowncircus.com/indian-fry-bread-recipe/

  • Current Programs assume mainstream economies

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)

83% of residents rely on micro enterprises

http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/08/15/212272144/south-dakota-reservation-lifts-century-old-alcohol-ban

  • Tension between government officials and tribe members

Source: http://thepeoplesrec.com/post/78015476435/today-in-history-wounded-knee-occupation-of-1973

Hope for the Future

Investing in Oglala Lakota culture to alleviate alcoholism

Providing micro loans micro enterprises, small businesses, low income housing, and business training

Studies have found that strong community and cultural support for adolescents decreases risk of alcoholism

Multi- level benefits to economy and health

Fabric Donation for events: http://friendsofpineridgereservation.org/projects/

Source: http://sdnativehomeownershipcoalition.org/about/leadership-partners/

What can PLU students and faculty do to help?

Donate:

Support tribe economy:

Do not buy non authentic jewelry or clothing

http://friendsofpineridgereservation.org/projects/

http://www.horsekeeping.com/jewelry/jewelry.htm

Be wary of any mass produced jewelry

brightly colored fabric, beading, books for elementary children, household supplies

Source: http://www.mamasminerals.com/Tips-for-Spotting-Fake-Turquoise_ep_171.html

http://www.lakotafunds.org/

monetary donations to start businesses or receive education

Discussion

Is poverty on Pine Ridge Reservation a simple, complicated or complex issue?

Are there any questions or thoughts that we can answer or expand on?

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