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From desert locations to oceans, the major and natural landmarks that will be looked at highlight the variety that is, Australia. Some of these major landmarks are The Twelve Apostles, Uluru, Lake Eyre and The Great Barrier Reef. Studying their size and location; history; ecology, fauna and flora; and tourism illustrates what makes these Australian landmarks unique, in every sense of the word.
Influenced by Metzger’s (2007) work on credible and reliable information evaluation, the checklist approach was used. This checklist included looking at the following notes to confirm, accuracy - the site should be factual for the geographical location; authority - sites need to be credible organisations or government affiliated; objectivity - are sites trying to sell us something and if so, what and why; currency - sites need to have been updated preferably within the last year and links work; and coverage and scope - sites need to have enough information to provide us with further checks or active links to further information. Using the checklist approach meant that the online information used was reliable and credible.
The natural landmarks of Australia vary from deserts through to oceans. Each have characteristics which make them unique but identifiable, attracting thousands of tourists each year from around the world. Examining their size and location; history; ecology, fauna and flora; and tourism of The Great Barrier Reef, Uluru, Lake Eyre and The Twelve Apostles demonstrate the variety of Australia. . The diversity of these natural landmarks contribute to the identify of Australia as a country of great beauty.
Source: news.com.au Uluru Lightening (Photo by: Damien Hill)
Souce: colinsclipart.com Cartoon Coral Reef Clipart (Image by: colinsclipart.com
The Great Barrier Reef is located on the north-eastern coast of Australia in the Coral Sea (Johnston, R & J, 2015). Composed of more than 2,900 individual reef systems (Great Barrier Reef Facts, 2015), it stretches 2300km along the coastline. It extends from the low water mark of the mainland and includes all islands and internal waters of Queensland and Seas encompassing approximately 348,000km2 (Johnston, R & J, 2015).
Source: earthweek.com Great Barrier Reef (Photo by: European Space Agency)
As the Barrier Reef does cover such a large area, it is home to over 1500 different types of fish, 300 types of coral and is also home to some of the most endangered animals including the dugong and six out of seven of the endangered marine turtles (Commonwealth of Australia, 2011).
Tourists visit the Great Barrier Reef. It is described as the underwater wonderland. There are many activities, which range from Diving, snorkelling, sailing, fishing and cruises, which are used to explore this amazing underwater wonderland. There are many islands to explore such as Horseshoe Bay and Magnetic Island. These are only a few of the many glorious islands that you may visit.
Source: Australian Geographic Image by: Ken Usami/Getty
source: http://www.xtremegapyear.com.au/trip/learn-to-dive-on-the-great-barrier-reef/
This large rock was created at Tjukurpa, also known as the beginning of time, by the ancestors of the Aboriginal people. It was found by European settlers in the 1800’s and named ‘Ayres Rock’, however in 1993, this was renamed to ‘Uluru’ after the traditional owners of the land, the Anangu people (Swallow, 2010)
Source: Australian Geographic Image by: unknown
Upto 500,000 tourists visit Uluru per year (Wikipedia, 2015) providing increased regional and national economic benefits. Whilst climbing the rock is discouraged by traditional owners, one in ten people will still make the climb (Outback Australia, 2015).
Source: clipartlord.com Ayres Rock (Image by: clipartlord.com)
It was discovered in 1840 and named after its founder European explorer Edward John Eyre (Tourism Australia 2015).
Over the last 160 years the lake has become full reaching its full capacity only three times. The lake was formed over 200 million years ago when a large band of land between the gulf of Carpentaria and the area of the South Australian salt lake began to sink..( M H Monroe, 2012)
Source: pchp.com.au Twelve Apostles (Photo by: Port Campbell Holiday Park)
The 12 Apostles is one of Australia’s natural wonders. It is famous for its beauty and breath taking views. The cliffs and ‘massive limestone structures tower 45 metres’ (Visit Great Ocean Road, 2015) above the sea. Located near Apollo Bay, ‘275 kilometres west of Melbourne along the great ocean road, Six kilometres west of Princetown (Visit 12 Apostles, 2015) and twelve kilometres east of the township of Port Campbell.’ (Visit Melbourne: 12 Apostles, 2015).
It is one of the main attractions along the Great Ocean Road which falls under the responsibility of Parks Victoria. The twelve apostles draw tourists not only to see the beauty of the actual Twelve Apostles, but also the flora and fauna surrounding them including Whales and Penguins (Visit Victoria, n.d.).
The Twelve Apostles formed 20 million years ago through gradual erosion of the soft limestone cliffs by the sea (Lonely Planet, 2015). Because of this erosion, only eight stacks remain. Until 1922 they were known as the Sow and Piglets, later renamed The Apostles for tourism purposes. Eventually they became known as the Twelve Apostles, despite only ever having nine stacks (Wikipedia, 2015).
Picture source: Twelve Apostles (Photo: Will Cox) 2012 from Parks Victoria, Location: Twelve Apostles Marine National Park
Maria Dumitru ~ Sarah Incoll ~ Elise Robottom
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Parks Australia 2015, Fact Sheet: Uluru – Kata Tjuta: Flora, Parks Australia, retrieved 12 May 2015, < http://www.parksaustralia.gov.au/uluru/pub/fs-flora.pdf >
Parks Australia 2015, National Parks: Uluru – Kata Tjuta: People and place: Plants and animals, Parks Australia, retrieved 12 May 2015, <http://www.parksaustralia.gov.au/uluru/people-place/plants-animals.html>
Swallow, J., 2010, ‘On this day: Aboriginal Australians get Uluru back’, Australian Geographic 26 October, viewed 23.04.2015 <http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/blogs/on-this-day/2010/10/on-this-day-aboriginal-australians-get-uluru-back/>
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Usami, K n.d., Sea turtle on Great Barrier Reef, photograph, viewed 30.04.2015 <http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2011/03/cyclone-damage-to-great-barrier-reef>
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Sounds downloaded from:
http://www.orangefreesounds.com
http://freesound.org
Source: visitgreatoceanroad.org.au 12 Apostles (Photo by: Great Ocean Road Regional Tourism Limited)
Source: visitgreatoceanroad.org.au 12 Apostles (Photo by: Great Ocean Road Regional Tourism Limited)
Lake Eyre is the largest lake, manmade or natural, in Australia with the entire area of the Lake reaching 9690 km2. It is found in the state of South Australia and is made up of Northern and Southern lakes which are attached with a thin stream (Commonwealth of Australia, 2015).
Source: Australian Geographic Image by Peter Elfes
Source: tigermothworld.com.au Aerial view of the 12 Apostles
(Photo by: tigermothworld.com.au)
Source: travelonline.com Uluru (Photo by: travelonline.com)
Source: GoDo Great Barrier Reef (Photo by: GoDoAustralia.com)
Source: misadventuresmag.com Uluru Waterfalls, Australia (Photo by: misadventuesmag.com)
Source: wikipedia.org 2002 before the collapse (Photo by: Unknown)
Source: graysa.com Silcrete Island Lake Eyre SA (Photo by: Peter Elfes)
Uluru National Park is the home to a variety of birds, plants and animal.
In total within its borders lie 400 different varieties of plants. Of these, Eucalypts gum trees are the most common, whilst other flora such as Wanari trees and Anangu plants are used as either a source of food or an ingredient used to form a medicine.
Source: Australian Geographic Image by: unknown
Source: wikipedia.com NEO Lake Eyre
(Photo by: Goddard Space Flight Center’s Landsat Team)
Source: ralf-menke.de We Don't Climb (Photo by: Ralfe Menke)
Source: australia.com The Twelve Apostles (Photo by: australia.com)
Source: mntviews.blogspot.comm.au Climbing Uluru (Photo by: Paul Ma)
Source: Eden-Saga.com Uluru (Photo by: Eden Saga)
Source: galleryhip.com Great Barrier Reef Coral (Photo by: galleryhip.com
Source: wikipedia.org 2012 after the collapse
(Photo by: Unknown)
Source: leeduguid.com.au Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park (Photo by: Lee Duguid)
Source: genkin.org The Arch at Sunset (Photo by Ilya Genkin)
Source: greatbarrierreef.org Where is the Great Barrier (Photo by: greatbarrierreef.org)
Source: dailytelegraph.com.au Lake Eyre
(Photo by: dailytelegraph.com
The variety and abundance of plants and animals of the Basin are driven by erratic swings between wet and dry times. Wet times see microscopic algae multiply in waterholes, invertebrate, frog and fish eggs hatch bringing a food supply for thousands of migratory waterbirds. As waters dry up, food and water dwindles seeing plant and animal populations decline (Commonwealth of Australia, 2011).
Source: JPL.nasa.gov Fluctuations of Lake Eyre (Photo by: NASA/GSFC/LaRC/JPL, MISR Team)
Source: news.com.au Lake Eyre Birds and Wildflowers (Photo by: news.com.au)
Source: parktrek.com.au Lake Eyre Water Dragon Flies (Photo by: parktrek.com.au)
Source: desertskytours.com Lake Eyre Twelve (Photo by: desertskytours.com)