CANADA
geography
introduction
Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. It is bordered by Denmark (Greenland), the United States of America both to the south and to the west (Alaska). By area, Canada is the second largest country in the world. Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories. Ottawa is the capital of Canada. Canada became a country in 1867, but only got its constitution back from the United Kingdom in 1982. It used to be called the Dominion of Canada. The official languages of Canada are English and French. Canada is a constitutional monarchy.
government
Canada has a lot of natural resources. Its large amounts of fish have been used for centuries for food and money. Hydroelectric power is abundant because of Canada's many rivers. Forest af the west are used for wood. Canada has metal ores and oil deposs.
Canada has a government called a constitutional monarchy. It has a monarch and is a democracy. The head of the state is Queen Elizabeth ||, who is officially the Queen of Canada.The Queen's power are mostly exercised by the Governor General, currently David Johnston.The Governor General, like the Canadian sovereign is not political and remains above politics. The head of the government is the Prime Minister. The current prime minister is Justin Trudeau, who replaced Stephen Harper in October 2015. Each province and territory has a premier to lead its government. The day-to-dat operations of the government are run by the cabinet. The cabinet is usually formed from the largest party in Parliament. The governor general, acting on behalf of the monarch, has the right to veto a law, but this right has not been used for some time. There are five main parties in the Canadian Parliament: the Conservative Party, the New Democratic Party, the Liberal Party, the Bloc Québécois, and the Green Party.
Canada is the second largest country in the world in land area, after Russia. It has longest border with water of any country in the world. It is next to the Pacific, Arctic, and Atlantic Oceans. It is the only country in the world to be next to three oceans at once. It has six time zones. Canada is the made up of ten provinces and three territories. Most large cities in Canada are in the southern part of the country, including Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal. Canada extends from the west coast, across the prairies and central Canada, to the Atlantic provinces. In the north there are three territories: the Yukon, the Northwest Territories and the Nunavut. Four of the five Great Lakes are shared between Canada and the United States, and they make up 16% of the Earth's fresh water. Canada shares land and sea borders with the USA , Denmark and France. The geography of Canada is very different from place to place. Canada contains some of the very last untouched boreal forest in the world. The Canadian or Canadian Shield is a vast area of ancient Pre-Cambrian rocks lying in an arc around Hudson Bay, covering more than one third of Canada's land area.
Many people from other parts of the world think of Canada as a very cold and snowy place. While it is true that much of Canada is very far north, most Canadians live in the southern parts, where the weather is much milder. In some cities the temperaturecan get very cold in the winter, especially in the inland. Most Canada can get quite hot in the summer.
Elizabeth || is the Queen of sixteen countries. The countries of which is Queen are known as Commonwealth realms. Elizabeth || lives in the United Kingdom. In all the other countries where she is the queen, a person has been chosen to represent her. This person is known as the Governor General. Since 1947, the Queen has been married to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Since 9 September 2015, Elizabeth || has ruled longer than any other king or queen in the history of the United Kingdom.
Queen
Elizabeth ||
David Johnston
Stephen
Harper
Canada has multiple ecosystems. With a large land mass, and small population density, the wildlands of Canada provide important habitat for many animals. Canada is home to approximately 70000 known species of plants and animals. In the plains there are many glasses. The vegetation of the eastern slopes is very sparse, while in the western slopes there are dense forests of conifers.There are many bears, salmon, pumas, foxes, beavers and bisons.
Justin Trudeau
VIP
Some of the most important canadian personalities are:
Justin Bieber is the most famous canadian singer and songwriter. He was discovered by a manager through his youtube videos. The first album is "My world" in 2009. He was born in Ontario on 1994. In 2014 he stopped for one year to have a rest. He was arrested several times because he was drinking under the influence of alcool and drugs. He realeased seven album and he took part to the X-Factor contest.
Celine Dion is one of the best singer in the world. She was born in Canada on 1968. She sold over 230 milion albums in the world. She received 5 grammy awards, she sings in english, french, spanish and napolitan. One of her songs "My heart will go on" is very famous thanks to the movie titanic.
Jim Carrey is a famous actor and stand-up comedian, his best known roles are in movies like: "The mask", "The truman show", "Grinch" and "Christmas carol". He was born in Toronto on 1962. Carrey has battled depression and he has been married twice.
economy
Canada has the seventh largest economy in the world and it is very developed.
Canadian economy is the made up of many different industries; there are 5 main types of industries:
1) Natural resource industries, including for example forestry, fishing and agriculture.
2) Manufacturing industries including paper, food and automobiles.
3) Service industries providing different jobs in areas like transportation, education and health.
SPORTS
HISTORY
Indigenous (native) people lived in what is now Canada for thousands of years fore the first Europeans arrived.
The Vikings were the first Europeans known to land in Canada. In the early 16th century, Europeans started exploring Canada's eastern coast.
Parts of Canada were settled by France, and parts by England and Scotland. The British took control of the Frenchareas after a battle on the Plains of Abraham near Quebec City in 1759.
Canada has two national sports, since 1994 Canada has officially two national sports, recognise by the Parliament: lacrosse, as summer sport, and ice hockey, as winter sport. Before that there was only one: lacrosse, played by the native indians. Only on 12th May 1994, the House of Commons declared ice hockey official sport and from here the distinction between official summer sport and official winter sport. A part from the decision of the Parliament and the complaints of the native indians, the only sport that drives Canadian crazy is without doubt ice hockey. In fact it was born in Canada and it is the sport simbol of the nation. It's not easy to find the origin of this sport. It is a fusion between ancient sports imported by the Europeans and the dehunt shigwaes (an ancient lacrosse) played by the M: 'Kwaq in Nova Scotia. We have prouf of matches played already at the beginning of the eighteen century, but the first match sure is around 1850, when some British soldiers played it. Mc Gill University, Montreal, wrote the first rules around 1870. The first official match was played inside the Victoria Skating Ring on third March 1875, considered the official birthday of modern ice hockey. The most important Championship is the National Hockey League (NHL) composed of 30 teams; 7 Canadian and 23 American. The Canadian national male team has won 7 Olympic games , 1 world cup, 24 world Championship, 11 Spergler Cups, 1 Summit Series and 4 Canada Cups. The Canadian national female team has won 2 Olympic games and 9 gold medails at the world Championships. The most important teams are: the Canadiens de Montreal, the Toronto Maple Leaf, Edmonton Oilersand Calgary Flawes. Lacrosse is played on grass and you have to throw a ball into a goal using a stick with a net. It is the oldest sport in north America played by native indians since 1100. It is played a lot in Canada because it's very similar to ice hockey in concept to the game. Dottor Williame George Beers has written the first official rules of lacrosse. The most important championship is the National Lacrosse League consists of 12 team, 9 American and 3 Canadian: Toronto Rock, Calgary Roughnecks and Edmonton Rush. The Canada has won two world Championship of lacrosse.
Curling is one of the most played and followed sports in Canada. It was born in Scotland in the late Middle Ages and every team is composed by 4 players. One of them shoots the stone brying to place in it in the most strategic way possible to receive points, while the other two , equipped with a broom, try to slowdown, speed up on change the trajectory of the stone. The first world Championship has played in 1959 in Scotland and the Canada won it. Among the others most followed sports there are: Canadian Football (it is similar to American Football but with different rules) and Baseball ( the team of Toronto Blue Jays has won 2 MCB).
James Naismith, the creator of basketball, he was inspired by the Canadian game "Duck-on-a-rock", an ancient game for children, and has made basketball. Now the most important Championship of basketball in the world is NBA, where Canada has one very important team: the Toronto Raptors. Soccer is the most popular sport level of national participation and now three Canadian teams play in Major League Soccer (MLS): Toronto F.C, Whitecamps F.C. and Montreal Impact. The owner of the latter, Joey Saputo, is a very important man for sport because ha is also the owner of team of ice-hockey of Montreal and he is the chairman of Bologna F.C. The Canada has many sport talents and champions like: Andrew Wiggins, actual young star of NBA, Steve Nash, former star of NBA, Paul Stalterì, soccer player of Tottemham Hotspur, David Edgar, soccer player of Newcastle, Paul Peschisolido, former soccer player, Ryder Hesjedal, cyclist, Gilles and Jacques Villenueve, father and son both drivers of Formula 1, and the Hart family, famous family within Wrestring.
Wayne Gretzky has been the best player of ice-hockey of all time and he was born in Bratford, Canada.
After the American Revolutionary War, many people in the new United States wanted to sta loyal to britain. Thousands came north to Canada and settled in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario. They were called United EMpire Loyalist. During the War of 1812, the United States tried to conquer Canada but were defeated.
THE END
Presentation by: Selma Bouzid, Francesco De Giorgi, Giorgia Gaibari, Giulia Negro and Riccardo Priori.
On july 1, 1867, Canada was united under a federal government. It included the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Sir John A. Macdonalas the firts prime minister.
There were two Red River Rebellions, in 1869-70 and 1885, both led by Louis Riel. He fought for more rights for the Metis peop, a mix between French and First Nations.
Canadians soldiers fought in World War I for the British Empire. In 1931, Canada became fully indipendent.
Canadians also fought in World War II. Canadians were important in 1944 at Normandy, and they liberated the Netherlands (freed it from the Germans).
In 1965, Lester Pearson, who became prime minister, helped Canada get a new flag, the Maple Leaf. Before that, Canadians had used the Red Ensign. In 1982, Canada changed its constitution, including a new Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The main part of the Constitution is still the 1867 British North America Act.
Today, about 25% of Canadians speak French as their first language. Many people can speak both French and English. Although most French Canadians live in the province of Quebec, there are French-speaking communities and people all across Canada.
Sources:
-Introduction and government: Englishwikipedia.org/Canada
-Geography: Englishwikipedia.org/Canada
-History: Englishwikipedia.org/Canada
-Sports:welovecanada.wordpress.com and Englishwikipedia.org/Canada
-Economy: Englishwikipedia.org/Canada
-Vip: Englishwikipedia.org/Justin_Bieber, Englishwikipedia.org/Celine_Dion and Englishwikipedia.org/Jim_Carrey