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4

Piglets

Aeschylus

17,000

Victory

The Theban Plays

- The plays includes are:

  • Antigone
  • Oedipus the King
  • Oedipus at Colonus

- Wasn't mean't to be a trilogy

- The "trilogy" was written over 36 years

- Oedipus was the mythical Greek King of Thebes.

The Trojan Women

The Panathenaic Games

- The greek gods Poseidon and Athena are in the play

- It is a tragedy

- was produced in 415 BCE

- the fates of the women of Troy after their city has been sacked, their husbands killed, and their remaining families about to be taken away as slaves

The Iliad and The Odyssey

The Festival of Dionysus

- The Iliad - main focus on the Trojan war.

- It was written in 750 BCE

- oldest surviving work of Greek literature.

- The Odyssey - set after the Trojan war. It was written in the 11th century BCE (no exact date is known).

- Originally the Iliad were broken up into different poems to be said and enjoyed.

- in honour of the goddess Athena (Goddess of wisdom and military victory, and also the patron of the city of Athens)

- held every 4 years

- games only for Athenians

- games for all Greeks (just like the Olympics - boxing, wrestling, pankration, pentathlon, and chariot racing)

- most prestigious games in Athenian Culture

QUIZ!

- in honour of the god Dionysus (God of grape harvest, wine and patron of the arts)

- Athenians would gather together, sing, dance and drink plenty of wine

- goats were also sacrificed to Dionysus

- celebrated 4 times a year - went for 5 days at a time

- there was a playwright competition

- originally only dramatic/tragic plays would win

- in 449 BCE this changed to allow comedies to win the prize as well.

The Oresteia Trilogy

How many times a year is the Festival of Dionysus celebrated?

Literature

- It was first performed in 458 BCE

- the three plays are:

  • Agamemnon
  • The Libation Bearers
  • The Eumenides

In each play, the God Apollo is either a character or is referenced to in the plot.

Thesmophoria

What was sacrificed at the festival of Thesmophoria?

Literature in Ancient Athens played an important part of its culture. Four of Ancient Greek’s most significant authors were Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. Their most famous work are:

- The Iliad/The Odyssey (Homer)

- The Oresteia Trilogy (Aeschylus)

- The “Theban plays” (Sophocles)

- The Trojan Women (Euripides)

- in honour of the god Demeter (God of Harvest, and the Cycle of Life and Death.)

- Only women who were the spouses of Athenian citizens could attend the festival

- Occurred once a year - went for 3 days

- piglets were sacrificed

Who was considered the greatest ancient greek writer?

How many people could fit into the Theatre of Dionysus?

What does "Nike" mean in Greek?

The Parthenon

The Erechtheion

  • located in the middle of the Acropolis.
  • temple dedicated to the Goddess Athena
  • In Greek ‘Parthenon’ means ‘the virgins place’.
  • Construction started on the temple in 447BC and was completed in 438BC.
  • the different pediment’s around the Parthenon show different stories
  • The east pediment shows the story from Greek mythology that Zeus gave birth to Athena from his head after having a terrible headache.
  • built to replace the “Old Temple”
  • the temple was dedicated to two Gods, Athena and Poseidon-Erechtheus.
  • Athena was worshiped in the east end of the Erechtheion.
  • Poseidon-Erechtheus was worshiped in the western part of the structure.

Architecture

What was the importance of Greek Mythology in Athenian Culture?

The architecture in Athens contains some of the most famous structures from the ancient world. The site containing the most important structures is The Acropolis, meaning “The highest point of the town”. The site’s important buildings and structures include:

  • the Parthenon
  • the Erechtheion
  • the temple of Athena Nike
  • the Theatre of Dionysus

Each structure is connected with a greek God.

In Ancient Athens their culture was made up from 3 different aspects. These are:

- Festivals

- Literature

- Architecture

The Festivals..

Three important festivals celebrated out of the many that were held in Athens each year, are:

- The Festival of Dionysus

- Thesmophoria

- The Panathenaic Games

The Temple of Athena Nike

Family Tree - Greek Gods

The Theatre of Dionysus

  • it is significantly smaller than the other temples and structures in the Acropolis.
  • Nike means “victory” in Greek
  • this temple was used to worship Nike Athena, “the goddess of victory in war and wisdom”. In the temple was a statue of Athena Nike, the statue “was made of wood and held a pomegranate in the right hand and a helmet in the left.”
  • Traditionally Nike statues had wings and this statue of Nike Athena did not have wings.
  • Since it had no wings, the statue was given the name Apteros Nike, meaning wing-less victory.
  • It was believed that the statue did not have wings so that is would never be able to leave Athens.
  • This theatre is not only important to Ancient Athenian architecture, it is important to Ancient Greek literature and festivals.
  • Festivals and plays were performed at the Theatre of Dionysus
  • The front row of the theatre was reserved for dignitaries, which included high priest, the King and a few others.
  • It could seat 17,000 spectators
  • The structure dates back to the fourth century BCE

Greek Mythology in Ancient Athens.

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