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Includes Kingdoms Plantae, Fungi, and Protista
Cells contain a "true" nucleus and specialized organelles in the cytoplasm. They divide using mitosis or meiosis which is characteristic of all life forms except bacteria, blue-green algae, and other primitive microorganisms.
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
Cell Type: Eukeryote
Cell Structure: Cell walls of cellulose and some have chloroplasts
Number of Cells: Most unicellular, some colonial or multicellular
Nutrition: Autotroph or Heterotroph
Examples: Ameoba, Paramecium, Molds, or Giant Kelp
Most live in water. A protist is any organism that is not a plant, animal or fungus. Protista means "the vary first". Protists are classified by: how they obtain nutrition and how they move.
Animal-like Protists: also called protozoa (means “first animal”) – heterotrophs
Plant-like Protists: also called algae – autotrophs
Fungus-like Protists: heterotrophs, decomposers, external digestion
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Fungi
Cell Type: Eukaryote
Cell Structures: Cell walls of Chitin
Number of Cells: some unicellular, most multicellular
Mode of Nutrition: Heterotroph
Example: Muchrooms or Yeast
The organisms in this kingdom include mushrooms, yeasts, molds, rusts, smuts, puffballs, truffles, morels, and molds. They live in the air, water, land, soil, and on or in plants and animals. Some are microscopic and others cover large plots of land. Mycology is the study of fungi. Fungi appear like plants but are suprisingly closely related to animals. They are not capable of producing their own food, so they recieve their nourishment from other sources.
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Eubacteria
Cell Type: Prokaryote
Cell Structure: Cell walls with peptidogylcans
Number of Cells: Unicellular
Nutrition: Autotroph or Heterotroph
Example: Strep or E.coli
Bacteria are the most abundant organisms on earth. They replicate FAST.
They use both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Some eubacteria carry out photosynthesis. Some use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis as plants do, but other eubacteria use other organic compounds as a source of carbon for photosynthesis.
Other eubacteria fix nitrogen as a by-product of their respiration. These eubacteria need an anaerobic environment to survive. Plants provide nodules on their roots for these bacteria that are oxygen free. The plants gain nitrogen and the eubacteria somewhere to live. This is an example of symbiosis: a close mutually dependent relationship between two organisms.
Domain: Archaea
Kingdom: Achaebacteria
Cell Type: Prokaryote
Cell Structure: Cell walls without peptidoglycans
Number of Cells: Unicellular
Nutrition: Autotroph or Heterotroph
Example: Methanogens or Halophiles
Archaea are less widespread than Bacteria. Archaea is derived from the Greek word archaios, meaning “ancient” or “primitive”.
Many of them are methanogens which means that to produce energy they use H2 gas to reduce CO2 to methane, which releases energy.
Many Archaebacteria are adapted to extreme environments.
Thermophiles: “heat lovers.” Inhabit hot springs. Tolerate temps from 70 -- >110°C.
Halophiles: “salt lovers.” Require water that is 15-20% salt (seawater only 3% salt).
Archaebacteria more closely related to the Eukarya than are the Eubacteria.
Domain: Eukaryote
Kingdom: Plantae
Cell Type: Eukaryote
Cell Structures: Cell walls with cellulose; chloroplasts
Number of Cells: Mulitcellular
Mode of Nutrition: Autotroph
Example: Moss, ferns, or flowering plants
This Kingdom includes all types of eukaryotic, multicellular, photosynthetic plants. Most of the organism in this kingdom are autotrophs, which synthesize their own food with the help of solar energy. They are the source of food for all other living things on this planet. Most of the plants are eukaryotic and chlorophyll containing organisms and lack motility. They have the ability to grow by cell division and have both organs and organ systems. Plants reproduce both by sexual and asexual (alternation of generations). Plants develop self defense mechanisms to protect them from being destroyed by animals, fungi and other plants.
and those, into kingdoms...