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* all dates are anno Domini (after death)
Date: 325
Founder: Emperor Constantine I
Outcome:
- affirmed that Jesus is truly God and equal to the Father
- repudiated Arianism
- adopted the Nicene Creed
Date: 553
Founder: Emperor Justinian I
Outcome:
- affirmed decisions and doctrines explicated by previous Councils
- condemned new Arian, Nestorian, and Monophysite writings
Date: 431
Founder: Emperor Theodosius II
Outcome:
- affirmed that Jesus is one person
- proclaimed the Virgin Mary as the Mother of God
- condemned Pelagianism
Date: 787
Founder: Empress Irene; the widow of the Emperor Leo IV
Outcome:
- restoration of the veneration of icons and end of the first iconoclasm it was rejected by some Protestant denominations, who instead prefered the Council of Hieria (754), it had also described itself as the Seventh Ecumenical Council and had condemned the veneration of icons
Date: 680-681
Founder: Emperor Constantine IV
Outcome:
- asserted that Jesus had both a divine and human will
- repudiated Monothelitism
Date: 381
Founder: Emperor Theodosius I
Outcome:
- affirmed that Jesus was perfectly man
- revised the Nicene Creed into its present form
- prohibited any further alteration of the Creed without the assent of an Ecumenical Council
Date: 451
Founder: Emperor Marcian
Outcome:
- affirmed that in Jesus there are two distinct natures in one person that are united "without confusion, change, division or separation"
- repudiated the Eutychianism and Monophysitism
- adopted the Chalcedonian Creed.
By: Sofia L. Rodeghiero
"Ecumenical Councils." Theopedia, n.d. Web. 11 May 2017.