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Elephant Social Structure
5
Elephant Social Organization
Population
Community of individuals linked by genetic and social relationships of mating and parenthood
Gene flow between these populations exist at low ranges
EX. Amboseli elephant population has about 1200 elephants consisting of 58 families and 300 independent males
Males
Young males are raised in the tightly knit society of females
Clan
Between the ages of 9-18 males depart from their female family
Family 1
Bond Group 1
As a teen, male elephant learns a new set of rules based on his rank relative to other males in the population
Independent males are often seen in small, all-male groups
Family 3
Family 2
Bond Group 2
During sexually active periods, males roam from one family group to another looking for a mate
Groups that share the same dry season home range
Could consist of several hundred elephants
Will defend their dry season range against other clans
Bond Group
Family 3
Family 1
Family 2
When a family gets too big, they split up
Split usually happens between cousins
Average 28 related elephants in 2-3 family units
Family units stay in the same home range as bond group
Family
Matriarch
Daughters
Calves
Usually about 6-12 elephants
Cooperate for group defense, resource acquisition, offspring care, and decision-making
EX. The EB family of the Amboseli population