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Neglected Tropical Diseases

Mark Goldstein, Kira Ivarsson, Martin Kurian, Joy Dartey

How Can we Treat it?

Other Approaches

  • insecticide-treated bed nets
  • indoor residual spraying
  • durable wall liners
  • rapid malaria diagnostic tests

?

Need for Funding

Infection

  • Problem isn't solely biological - political, socioeconomical
  • Traveler's vaccine
  • collaboration with HIV/AIDS efforts to reduce costs

What is Dengue Fever?

Multifaceted Approach

Our Vaccine

  • vaccine development
  • endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR)
  • parasite proteins bind during the development of severe malaria
  • agonist-antagonist

Spread Prevention

  • protein complex called coatomer protein 1 (COPI)
  • secrete enzymes that break down blood proteins
  • RNAi
  • synthetic dsRNA
  • combine with one of previous treatments

Malaria at a Glance

Clinical Trials

  • Vaccine
  • standard process
  • 18 - 30 years, then younger
  • compare to RTS,S
  • RNAi drug
  • laboratory tests
  • lab-bred mosquitoes
  • long-term monitoring
  • parasitic infection transmitted by mosquitoes
  • caused by four parasites - Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale
  • affects ~200 million people resulting in about 500,000 deaths each year
  • majority children

Current Vaccine Development

  • no current vaccine on the market, although much research
  • RTS,S/AS01 vaccine candidate
  • Infection is prevented by inducing high antibody titers that block the parasite from infecting the liver
  • first to advance to Phase III
  • does not have long term effectiveness
  • PfSPZ vaccine
  • why a vaccine may not be feasible

Current Treatments

http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/resources/pdf/algorithm.pdf

What are Neglected Tropical Diseases?

Why Malaria and Dengue?

  • 17 diseases are prioritized, present in 149 countries,1.4 billion people affected
  • The importance of finding treatment options/preventative measures for dengue and malaria

Indirect Costs

  • Dengue and malaria as diseases of development
  • Indirect costs of dengue and malaria:
  • Tourism, trade, foreign direct investment, business travel and immigration
  • Loss in productivity from illness
  • Absenteeism
  • Long term effects:
  • Demographic consequences –Concentration among children under the age of five
  • Threat to national economies that depend on mining, agriculture (irrigation) and manufacturing.
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