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Miguel Hidalgo

(born 1753 - died 1811)

Before the War for Independence

Before he became a freedom fighter he was a Mexican priest. Though he was a priest he had a lot of interest in politics as well as social issues. He studied native languages such as Aztec and taught the Natives his skills.

How it Began, and how it Ended

Miguel saw the oppression that Spain had on Mexico, so he joined a secret society to end Spain's unfair rule in 1809. A year later he marched across the land with a banner showing the Lady of Guadalajara, the patron saint of Mexico, and proclaimed a crusade. Joined by thousands of Mexicans, he captured towns Guanajuato and Guadalajara. Afterward, he dropped the upper hand and failed to march to Mexico City. Then, in 1811, his army was attacked and soon obliterated by Spanish soldiers. Fleeing north, Hidalgo tried to run away to continue his help but was captured and shot. Over a decade later, he was regarded almost as a saint whenever the republic of Mexico was founded. The state of Hidalgo was named after him, and the day he proclaimed a crusade became Independence Day for Mexico.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

(born 1743, died 1803)

The Haitian Rebellion

Toussaint began with humble begginnings, at least of the time.

He was a slave that was very open about his hatred of the system of slavery. After expressing his passion to fellow slaves they joined together to achieve victory over their white masters. Over years of hard work they eventually won over their oppressors.

Once he had defeated the slave merchants and masters he secured control over the colony.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

(born 1743, died 1803)

As a Governor

After securing control over the Haitian colony he did all he could to protect it.

He decided to try and spread the freedom of slaves and went to Santo Domingo to free the enslaved people. There, he expelled the French and British armies that had invaded the area. Then he wrote a constitution labeling him it's governor for life. During the early 19th century he attempted to rebuild Haiti's collapsed economy and grow it to be bigger than before by reestablishing commercial contacts with richer countries like the United States and Britain. Considering he had just stolen from Britain it didn't go so well. He was betrayed by his own men who sold him over to the French, as if he was a slave once again. Stowed away in a French castle, he later died of pneumonia.

Simon Bolivar

(1783-1830)

El' Liberator

After gaining a fortune from his deceased parents, Simon went back to Venezuela and proclaimed independence from Spain in 1810. Outraged Spaniards forced him into New Granada where he tried to gather another force from Colombian patriots. Sadly they were easily defeated and forced him to flee to Jamiaca. Once he freed his slaves, the Haiti people had respect for him and helped him gain independence for Columbia (New Granada). With their help, he defeated the Spanish in 1819. Then he played a big role in their new governement by becoming their president and leaading the congress. Afterwards he met with Jose de San Martin and became the dictator of Peru. During his reign he wrote up a constitution for Bolivia which had been Upper Peru. His dreams were to create a federation between Bolivia, Panama, Ecuador, Columbia, Peru, and Venezuela, but it didn't work because the other leaders disagreed.

Which freedom fighter was able to write in Aztec due to their teaching of natives?

A. Jose de San Martin

B. Simon Bolivar

C. Toussaint L'Ouverture

D. Miguel Hidalgo

Which freedom fighter fought for Spain before he fought against them?

A. Jose de San Martin

B. Simon Bolivar

C. Miguel Hidalgo

D. Toussaint L'Ouverture

Which revolutionary proclaimed a Mexican crusade?

A. Miguel Hidalgo

B. Simon Bolivar

C. Toussaint L'Ouverture

D. Jose de San Martin

Which freedom fighter freed slaves?

Which freedom fighter held important government roles?

A. Toussaint L'Ouverture

B. Jose de San Martin

C. Miguel Hidalgo

D. Simon Bolivar

A. Miguel Hidalgo

B. Jose de San Martin

C. Toussaint L'Ouverture

D. Simon Bolivar

E. Both C and D

The Freedom Fighters of

Latin America

Jose de San Martin

(born 1778 - died 1850)

As a Soldier

In his early career he was a soldier for Spain.

He fought against the British, Portugese, and Moors. When sent to Buenous Aires, he found sympathy in the people who had such force of Spanish rule inflicted on them. Leaving the Spanish Military, he joined the people fighting against the people he once fought for, starting his work as a liberator.

Jose de San Martin

(born 1778 - died 1850)

As a Warrior for Independence

After many long years of fighting in a Spanish army he knew much more than any normal troop so he was tasked of organizing, and later training troops. His goal was to take down Spaniards in Peru who threatened the revolutionary government in Argentina. Due to his smaller successes he was sent to replace General Manuel Belgrano in Peru. Shocking both his fellow soldiers and the enemy, he went westward through the Andes mountains, defeating the Spanish troops in Chile' and taking Santiago. Once he had reclaimed Chile' he mustered up a naval force and waited patiently before he sailed to Lima, essentially ensuring their independence. Their independence was proclaimed on July 28, 1821, and Jose was made protector.

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