Second Travel of Rizal

• July 5, 1891 – Rizal left Brussels for Ghent.

Reasons:

1. The cost of living was lower

2. The price of printing was much cheaper than in Brussels

3. To escape from the enticing attraction of Petite Suzanne

• Owing to his limited funds, Rizal lived in a cheap boarding house, with Jose Alejandro as roommate.

• They lived frugally in Ghent for three months – from July to September, 1891

*To economize further on their living expenses, they prepared their own breakfast.

• Rizal searched for a printing shop that could give him the lowest quotation for the publication of his novel.

• He did find a publisher – F. MEYER-VAN LOO PRESS, No. 66 Viaanderen Street – who was willing to print his book on installment basis.

• He pawned his jewels in order to pay the down payment and early partial payments during the printing of the novel.

• Rizal became desperate because his funds were running low.

• He received some money from Basa and P200 from Rodriguez Arias for the copies of Morga’s Sucesos sold in Manila but these funds were also used up.

July 1891 – Rizal wrote a letter to Basa saying that if no money comes he have to stop the El Fili’s publication.

August 6 – The printing had to be suspended, as Rizal feared, because he could no longer give the necessary funds to the printer.

Rizal, in all his studies, travels and labors in foreign lands, had not forgotten the martyrdom of Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora, which Paciano related to him when he was a mere lad in Calamba. He dedicated El Fili to them.

Rizal’s Unfinished 3 rd Novel

• September 22, 1891 – four days after the Fili came off the press, he wrote to Blumentritt saying that he’s thinking of writing a third novel where ethics will play the principal role

• October 18, 1891 – Rizal boarded the steamer Melbourne in Marseilles bound for Hong Kong.

• During the voyage he wrote the 3 rd novel in Tagalog which he intended for Tagalog readers.

• In Hong Kong he continued it, but did not finish it because his Tagalog was inadequate for literary purposes.

• The unfinished 3 rd novel has no title

• It consists of 44 pages in Rizal’s handwriting

• The manuscript is still preserved in the Bureau of Public Libraries (formerly National Library)

• The hero of the novel was Kamandagan, a descendant of Lakan-Dula, last king of Tondo. He plotted to regain the lost freedom of his fathers.

• It is said that Rizal was fortunate not to finish this novel, because it would have caused greater scandal and more Spanish vengeance on him.

Other Unfinished Novels

Makamisa – a tagalog novel

• written in light sarcastic style

• incomplete with only 2 chapters

• consists of only 20 pages

Dapitan – written in Ironic Spanish

• he wrote it while in Dapitan to depict the town life and customs

• consists of 8 pages

Untitled

• A novel in Spanish about the life in Pili, a town in Laguna.

• consists of 147 pages

Untitled

• about Cristobal, a youthful Filipino student who has returned from Europe.

• consists of 34 pages

• The beginnings of another novel are contained in two notebooks – the first notebook contains 31 written pages while the second contains 12 written pages (written in Spanish and the style is ironic)

Ophthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong (1891-92)

• Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong, where he lived from November 1891 to June 1892.

• His reasons for leaving Europe were:

 Life was unbearable in Europe because of his political differences with M.H. del Pilar and other Filipinos in Spain.

 To be near his idolized Philippines and family.

• There were over 80 first class passengers – mostly Europeans, including 2 Spaniards- He befriended many missionaries and one of them is Fr. Fuchs, a Tyrolese, which he enjoyed playing chess with. He even wrote to Blumentritt saying: “...He is a fine fellow, a Father Damaso without prideand malice...”

Trip across Atlantic

• He won many friends of different nationalities on board because of his friendly nature and his ability as a linguist.
• Rizal entertained the passengers with his skills with the yo-yo as an offensive weapon.
• On board, Rizal discussed the current social and political problems of mankind with some American newspapermen and found them to be inadequate in geo-politics.
• He arrived at Liverpool, England on May 24, 1888 and spent the night at the Adelphi Hotel.

Life in London

Rizal lived in London from May, 1888 to March, 1889.

He chose London to be his new home because:

1. to improve his knowledge of the English language

2. to study and annotate Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, which he heard to be available in the British Museum

3. the city was a safe place for him to carry his fight against Spanish tyranny.

• May 24, 1888, Rizal went to London.
• He stayed as a guest at the home of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, an exile of 1872 and a practising lawyer in London.
• By the end of May, he found a boarding place at No. 37 Charlot Crescent, Primrose Hill.
• He was a boarder of the Beckett family.

Writing’s in London

• He came to know Dr. Reinhold Rost, librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and an authority on Malayan languages and customs. Dr. Rost was impressed by the learning and character of Rizal, and called him “a pearl of a man”.
• He spent much of his time in the British Museum poring over the pages of Morga’s Sucesos, and other rare historical works on the Philippines.
• Frequently visited Dr. Regidor and spent Sundays in the house of Dr. Rost.

• Rizal received news on Fray Rodriguez’ unabated attack on his Noli. In defense he wrote a pamphlet entitled La Vision del Fray Rodriguez (The Vision of Fray Rodriguez) which was published in Barcelona under his pen name Dimas Alang. In La Vision del Fray Rodriguez. I demonstrated two things: my profound knowledge of religion and my biting satire.
• In London, Rizal wrote the famous “Letter to the Young Women of Malolos” in Tagalog He penned it, upon the request of Marcelo del Pilar to praise the young ladies of Malolos for their courage to establish a school where they could learn Spanish, despite opposition of Father Felipe Garcia, Spanish parish priest of Malolos.
• Dr. Frost, editor of Trubner’s Record, a journal devoted to Asian studies, requested Rizal to contribute some articles. In response to his request, Rizal prepared two articles which were published in June 1889. 1. Specimen of Tagal Folklore 2. Two Eastern Fables

RIZAL IN LONDON

NEWS FROM HOME, GOOD AND BAD

Romance with Gertrude Beckett

Rizal becomes leader of Filipinos in Europe

Adios, London

By unanimous vote of all the members, Rizal was chosen honorary president of society called Asociacion La Solidaridad (Solidaridad Association) • This was a recognition of his leadership among all Filipino patriots in Europe.

Annotating Morga's Book

Suddenly on March 19, 1889, he bade goodbye to the kind Beckett family and left London for Paris. He was sad as he crossed the English channel, for he cherished so many beautiful memories of London.

Rizal and the La Solidaridad Newspaper

The greatest achievement of Rizal on London was the annotating of Morga’s book, Sucessos de Las Isla Filipinas which was published in Mexico, 1609. British Museum Rizal spent many days in the reading room of the British Museum poring over the pages of this book and laboriously reading the old histories of the Philippines.

On February 15, 1889, Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the patriotic newspaper called La Solidaridad in Barcelona, Spain. Graciano Lopez Jaena

1. To work peacefully for political and social reforms.

2. To portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines so that the Spain may remedy them.

3. To oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism. aims:

4. To advocate liberal ideas and progress.

5. To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people to life, democracy and happiness.

Short visit to Paris and Spain

Early in September 1888, Rizal visited Paris for a week in order to search for more historical materials Bibliotheque Nationale. On December 11, 1888, Rizal went to Madrid and Barcelona, Spain. For the first time, Rizal met Marcelo del Pilar and Mariano Ponce, the two titans of Propaganda movement.

Christmas in London (1888)

• Christmas in London (1888)• Rizal returned to London on December 24 and spent Christmas and New Year’s days with the Becketts. • To his friend, Bluemetritt, Rizal sent as Christmas gift a bust of Emperor Augustus which he had made. • To another friend, Dr. Carlos Czepelak, Rizal gave as Christmas gift a bust of Julius Cesar.
• Rizal’s landlady, Mrs. Beckett, knowing of his interest in magic, gave him as Christmas gift a book entitled The Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox, the Ventriloquist.

El Filibusterismo Published in Ghent (1891)

The Printing of “El Filibusterismo”

Privations in Ghent

• Days flew fast like fleeting arrows in Brussels. Rizal, unmindful of Suzanne Jacoby’s enticing affection, was busy correcting and polishing his second novel – El Filibusterismo.

• October, 1887 – He began writing it in Calamba.

• 1888 – He made some changes in the plot and revised the chapter already written.

 He wrote more chapters in Paris, Madrid and Biarritz.

• March 29, 1891 – He finished the manuscript in Biarritz, after toiling on it for three years.

• From Brussels, Rizal moved to Ghent, where printing was cheaper.

• September 18, 1891 – El Filibusterismo, the sequel to the Noli, came of the press.

The Manuscript and the Book

El Filibusterismo” Comes Off the Press

• Filipino patriots praised the novel. The members of the Filipino colony of Barcelona published a tribute in La Publicidad , a Barcelona newspaper, eulogizing the novel’s original style.

• The liberal Madrid newspaper, El Nuevo Regimen , serialized the novel in its issues of October, 1891.

• All copies of the first edition (Ghent edition) of El Fili were placed in wooden boxes and shipped to Hong Kong, but almost all the boxes were confiscated and the books were lost.

• The book immediately became rare and the few available Ghent copies were sold at very high prices, reaching as high as 400 pesetas per copy.

"NOLI" AND "FILI"

• The original manuscript of El Fili in Rizal’s own handwriting is now preserved in the Filipiniana Division of the Bureau of Public Libraries, Manila.

*Acquired from Valentin Ventura for P10,000.

* Consisting of 279 pages of long sheets of paper.

• 2 features that didn’t appear in the printed book

-Foreword

- Warning

*These two were not put into print, evidently, to save printing cost.

• FOREWORD – appears just before the dedicatory page in the manuscript. It is for the Filipino People and the Government.

• WARNING – found on the other side of the dedication.

• The title page of El Fili contains an inscription written by Ferdinand Blumentritt. </li></ul>

• In his morbid moments of despair, Rizal almost burned the manuscript of El Filibusterismo.

• When everything seemed lost, help came from an unexpected source. Valentin Ventura heard of Rizal’s predicament and immediately sent the amount needed to finish the publication of the novel.

• September 18, 1891 – El Fili came off to press.

• Rizal immediately send 2 copies to Hongkong – one for Basa and the other for Sixto Lopez

• He gratefully gave the original manuscript of El Fili and a printed copy with his autograph to Valentin Ventura.

• The issue of which is the superior novel – Noli or the Fili – is purely academic.

• Both are good novels from the point of view of history

• Both depict with realistic colors the actual conditions of the Philippines and the Filipinos during the decadent days of Spanish rule

• Both are instrumental in awakening the spirit of Filipino nationalism

• Both are responsible in paving the ground for the Phil. Revolution that brought about the downfall of Spain

• El Fili is a true twin of Noli

IN BELGIAN BRUSSELS

•  The life in Brussels, Jose Rizal was accompanied by Jose Albert when he moved to Brussels they both lived in a modest boarding house on 38 Rue Philippe Champagne which by run by two Jacoby sisters it is Suzanne and Marie
•  Rizal was writing his second novel which is the continuation of the Noli in Brussels.

•  During his sojourn in Brussels, Rizal wrote articles for La Solidaridad in defense of his oppressed people and to point out all the evils of Spanish rules.
•  “A la Defensa” April 30, 1889 it is a reply to an anti-filipino
•  “La Cerdad Para Todos” May 31, 1889 it is rizal’s defense against the Spanish
•  “Vicente Barrantes” June 15, 1889 Rizal ignorance on this tagalog theatrical art
•  “Una Profanacion” July 31, 1889 a bitter attack against the friars for denying Christian
•  “Verdades Nuevas” July31, 1889 A reply to Vincente Belloc Sanchez
•  “Crueldad” August 14, 1889 a brilliant defense of blumentritt from the scurillious attacks of his enemies
•  “Diferencias” Sesptember 15, 1889 a reply to biased article entitled “Old truths”
•  “Inconsequencias” November 30, 1889 a defense of Antonio Luna against the attack of Pablo Mir Deas
•  “Llanto y Risas” November 30, 1889 a denunciation of Spanish racial prejudice against the brown Filipinos
•  “Ingratitudes” January 15, 1890 a reply to Governador General Valeriano Weyler

•  In spite all of his European education and his knowledge in foreign language Rizal loved his own native language
•  As of September 1886 adopted the Filipinized Tagalog
•  Rizal Criticizes Madrid Filipinos for Gambling
•  May 28,1890 to remind the filipinos in Madrid that they did not come to Europe to gamble but to work
•  Bad news from home letters from home which Rizal received in Brussels worried him.

•  “To my use” (1889) a poem lacks the exquisiteness of “To the flowers of Heidelberg”
•  There are two things brought some measure of cheer to the despondent Rizal and he was preparing his trip to Madrid.
•  Rizal was a gentleman and sweet to all the girls because he was a nice guy although Rizal was in Madrid Suzanne could not forget him so she wrote to him in French.
•  It says in the letter if Rizal would not write back to Suzanne.

•  Presentiment of the Death in this moment of despair Rizal had bad dreams during the nights in Brussels when he is stress because he is thinking his family in Calamba.
•  The preparation to go home in the face out of suffering which afflicted his family Rizal planned to go home because he could not write a book thinking of his parents.
•  Rizal ignored the dire warning of his friends. No threat of danger could change his plans but that day also Rizal changed his minds sue to the lost case against the Dominicans

 Rizal Lived in a little room together with captain Justo Trinidad who is former gobernadorcillo of Santa Ana, Manila and Jose Albert a student from manila

 During Rizal’s life in Paris every hour is important to him he always go to the nationa library checking up historical annotations on Morga’s Book. Rizal also writes letters to his family and friends.

 When Rizal have spare time he enjoy hanging out with Pardo de Taveras, the Venturas and Bousteads and many more.

 June 24 1889 a baby of Juan Luna and Paz Pardo de Tavera was born. The new born baby was their second child. The first was a boy and his name is Andres and the name of his pet was Luling. The new born baby' s ninong is Rizal.

 1889 Paris (spring version) – was bursting a happy and lively quality because of the universal exposition people all over the world crowded every hotel and boarding house.

 Rizal who is fresh from London he published his annotated edition of Morga’s Succesos;

 Rizal founded 3 Filipino societies which is the Kidlat Club, Indius Bravos and the R.D.I.M

 Rizal also wrote the PorTelefeno a book that shows humor against the weakness or bad qualities of a person, government, society etc. Fr. Salvador Font

 In 1889 the visitors is having a difficult time to find a living quarters in Paris.

 Rizal lived in the house of his friend who is Valentin Ventura, at No.45 Rue Maubeuge

RIZAL IN PARIS

Arrival in San Francisco

 Another magnificent of Rizal in Paris which also fizzled put was his plan established in modern college in Hong Kong Project for Filipino College in Hong kong

 “PorTelefono” mentioned before that Rizal defended his Noli from the slanderous attack of fray by Jose Rodriguez.

 The portelefeno was published in booklet from Barcelona in 1889

1990 the Philippines for the first time was connected to the Metropolis by means of the telephone laid out by an Anglo Catalan

 Christmas in Paris at December 25, 1889 Jose Albert who were living frugally in a small room occupied by Captaion Justo Trinidad planned to have a christmas dinner

 Rizal made a brief visit to London after new year but the biographers do not know the purpose of his visit

 January 28,1890 Jose Rizal left Paris for Brussels

 The other essay of Rizal is a prestigious work of historical scholarship if it is an able defense of the alleged indolence of the Filipino

 The wars which the Filipinos fought for Spain against the Dutch, Portuguese, English and other enemies;

 The advantage of world attention which was then focused at the Universal Exposition in 1889 in Paris (International Association of Filipinologists)

 The officers were as follows:

President; Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt

Vice-President; Mr. Edmund Plauchut

Counselor; Dr. Reinhold Rost

Counselor; Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor

Secretary; Dr. Jose Rizal

 May 16, 1889 Rizal gave a letter to his family and he talk about how Paris is amazing and some interest part of Paris to his life.

 Rizal and the Paris Exposition in 1889. Rizal and his friends attended the opening ceremonies and saw the cutting ribbon of President Sadi Carnot (Third French Republic)

 In the article of The Philippines within a century it expressed his views on the Spanish Colonization in the Philippines.

• April 28, 1888 on board of the steamer BELGIC
• Ship under quarantine
• Rizal discovered that placing the ship under quarantine was motivated by politics
• After a week of quarantine, all first-class passengers, including Rizal, were permitted to land. But the passengers in second and third-class accommodations were forced to remain for longer period.

BIARRITZ VACATION

Rizal’s impression of America

MISFORTUNES IN MADRID

rIZAL ARRIVED IN YOKOHAMA

Rizal’s impression of Japan

Rizal in Tokyo

Rizal in san Francisco

Rizal was favorably impressed by Japan and the things which favorably impressed Rizal in Japan were:

1) the beauty of the country

2) the cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the Japanese people

3) the picturesque dress and simple charm of the Japanese women

4) there were very few thieves in Japan so that the houses remained open day and night, and in the hotel room one could safely leave money on the table.

5) beggars were rarely seen in the city streets, unlike in Manila and other cities.

However, there was one thing which he did not

like in Japan, and that was the popular mode of

transportation by means of rickshaws drawn

by men

• Visited at his hotel by JUAN PEREZ CABALLERO, secretary of the Spanish Legation
• Juan invited Rizal to live at the Spanish Legation
• Rizal realized that the Spanish diplomatic authorities were instructed from Manila to monitor his movements in Japan.
• Rizal accepted the invitation for two reasons

1) he could economize his living expenses

2) he had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish authorities.

• Rizal arrived in Yokohama and registered at the GRAND HOTEL
• He proceeded to Tokyo on the next day and took a room at TOKYO HOTEL
• He was impressed by the city of Tokyo, so he wrote another a letter to Blumentritt describing Tokyo as more expensive than Paris, and the walls are built in cyclopean manner. The streets are also large and wide

RIZAL'S VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES

• Rizal then became good friends with Perez Caballero and wrote about it to Blumentritt describing the Spanish diplomat as a “young, fine, and excellent writer” and “an able diplomat who had traveled much”
• Rizal was embarrassed because he did not know the Japanese Language. Thus he wrote to Blumentritt describing like how children would laugh at him.
• To avoid further embarrassment, Rizal decided to study the Japanese language. Being a born linguist, he was able to speak it within a few days.
• He also studied Japanese drama, arts, music, and judo

• May 4, 1888 he was permitted to go ashore
• Registered in the Palace Hotel, considered a first class hotel.
• Rizal stayed in San Francisco for two days.

Rizal and the Tokyo Musicians

While Rizal was promenading in a street of Tokyo near a park, he noticed the Tokyo Band which was actually composed of Filipino playing a classical work of Strauss.

He was asked by Jose Alejandro, two years after his visit, “What impressions do you have of America?”

Rizal answered, “America, is the land par excellence of freedom but only for the whites.”

RIZAL IN JAPAN

Voyage Across the Pacific

O-Sei-San after Rizal’s Departure

Sayonara, Japan

• While on board the Belgic, Rizal befriended on TETCHO SUEHIRO, a fighting Japanese journalist, novelist, and champion of human rights, who was force by the Japanese government to leave the country.
• Rizal acted as an interpreter for Tetcho who could not communicate with the ship officers and the passengers during their long trip from Yokohama to San Francisco.

• Broken-hearted by Rizal’s departure, she mourned for a long time the loss of her lover.
• A year after Rizal’s execution, O-Sei-San married Mr. ALFRED CHARLTON, British teacher of Chemistry and gave birth to their daughter named YURIKO.
• O-Sei-San died on May 1, 1947 at the age of 80. She was buried in her husband’s tomb at Zoshigawa Cemetery.

• On April 13, 1888, Rizal boarded BELGIC, and English steamer, at Yokohama bound for the United States.
• Rizal left Japan with a heavy heart, for he knew that he would never again see this beautiful “land of the cherry blossoms” and his beloved O-Sei-San
• Truly, his sojourn in Japan for 445 days was one of the happiest interludes in his life.

Across the American Continent

Rizal remained in London to conduct historical researches on Mora at the British Museum, while Tetcho returned to Japan.

shortly, after his return to Japan, Tetcho published his travel diary which contained his impressions of Rizal.

• Both were valiant patriots, implacable foes of injustice and tyranny, men of peace using their trenchant pens as formidable weapons to fight for their peoples’ welfare and happiness.
• Rizal told Tetcho his story, and Tetcho came to admire Rizal, whose patriotism and magnificent talents greatly fascinated him and influenced him to fortify his own crusade for human rights his own country.
• On December 1, 1888 in London, they gave their last warm handshake and bid each other “goodbye”. They parted ways – never to meet again.

• May 6, 1888 he left for Oakland by a ferry boat.
• The following morning, he awoke and had a good breakfast at Reno, Nevada.

Rizal in New York

• May 13, 1888, he reached New York
• End of his trip across the American continent.
• Stayed in the city for 3 days, which he called “Big Town”
• He visited scenic and historic places.
• Rizal was awed and inspired by George Washington.
• In which he wrote to Ponce: “He is a great man who, I think, has no equal in this country.”
• May 16, 1888, he left the city for Liverpool, England on board of the steamer CITY OF ROME, which according to Rizal, “the second largest ship in the world”.
• He saw the colossal Statue of Liberty on Bedloe Island as his ship steamed out of New York.

chapter 11 to 21

Departure from Hong Kong

• A spaniard, JOSE SAINZ DE VARANDA, who was a former secretary of Governor General Terrero, shadowed Rizal’s movement in Hong Kong. The Spanish authorities gave him the task of spying on Rizal
• Rizal described to Blumentritt that Hong Kong as small, but very clean city.
• PORTUGESE, HINDUS, ENGLISH, CHINES, AND JEWS

• During his stay in Hong Kong, Rizal wrote a letter to BLUMENTRITT expressing his bitterness
• Rizal stayed at the VICTORIA HOTEL and was welcomed by the Filipino residents namely:
• JOSE MARIA BASA
• BALBINO MAURICIO
• MANUEL YRIARTE (son of Francisco Yriate, alcade mayor of Laguna)

RIZAL'S SECOND TRAVEL

• Rizal left Hong Kong on board the OCEANIC, an American steamer. His destination was Japan.
• he did not like the meals on board, but he liked the ship because it was clean and efficiently managed

Experiences in Hong Kong

Visit to Macao

A) The Noisy celebration of the Chinese New Year which lasted from February 11th to 13th. Continuous explosions of firecrackers he exploded. Rizal himself fired many firecrackers at the window of his hotel.

BORNEO COLONIZATION PROJECT

WRITINGS IN HONG KONG

• Rizal conceived the establishment of a Filipino colony in North Borneo (Sabah)

• He planned to move those Filipino families to that British-owned island and carve out of its virgin wilderness a “New Calamba”

• March 7, 1892 – he went to Sandakan onboard the ship Menon to negotiate with the British authorities for the establishment of a Filipino colony.

• His mission was successful. The British Authorities of Borneo were willing to give the Filipino colonists, 100,000 acres of land, a beautiful harbor and a good government for 999 years, free of all charges.

• By April 20, he was back in Hong Kong.

• He wrote “Ang Mga Karapatan Nang Tao” (a tagalog translation of “The Rights of Man” proclaimed by the French Revolution in 1789)

• About the same time (1891), he wrote “A la Nacion Española” (To the Spanish Nation), which is an appeal to Spain to right the wrongs done to the Calamba tenants.

• Another proclamation, entitled “Sa Mga Kababayan” (To my Countrymen) was written in December 1891 explaining the Calamba agrarian situation.

• Rizal contributed articles to the British daily newspaper, The Hong Kong Telegraph, whose editor, Mr. Frazier Smith, was his friend.

B) The Boisterous Chinese , with noisy audience and noisier music. In the chinese dramatic art, Rizal observed the following:

• June 1892 – he wrote “La Mano Roja” (The Red Hand) which denounces the frequent outbreaks of intentional fires in Manila.

• “Constitution of the Liga Filipina” - printed in 1892, was the most important writing made by Rizal during his Hong Kong sojourn

*To deceive the Spanish authorities, the printed copies carry the false information that the printing was done by the LONDON PRINTING PRESS, No. 25, Khulug Street, London.

• The idea of establishing the Liga Filipina was originally conceived by Jose Ma. Basa, but it was Rizal who wrote its constitution and realized its establishment.

LAST HONG KONG LETTERS

FAREWELL TO EUROPE

OPHTHALMIC SURGEON IN HONG KONG

FAMILY REUNION IN HONG KONG

DECISION TO RETURN TO MANILA

• • May 1892 –Rizal made up his mind to return to Manila The decision was spurred by the following:
• 1.) To confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo colonization project.
• 2.) To establish the Liga Filipina in Manila 3.) To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that he being comfortable and safe in Hong Kong, had abandoned the country’s cause.

Rizal Falls into Spanish Trap

RIZAL AND THE GERMAN LADIES

• “If this man in front of us were a gentleman he would close the door.”

• Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques – a friend and admirer who helped him to build up a wide clientele.

• He successfully operated on his mother’s left eye so that she was able to read and write again.

• January 31, 1892 – writing to Blumentritt, he said : “Here I practise as a doctor and I have . . .

• Here many sick of influenza because there is an epidemic. Through the newspaper I am informed that this sickness is also causing ravages in Europe. I hope you and your esteemed family will be spared. In our house, my mother, my brother-in-law, and one of my sisters is sick. Thank God, they are out of danger.”

• Rizal was given moral support and substantial aid in his medical practice in Hong Kong from some of his friends in Europe.

• Mr. Boustead (the father of Nelly Bousted) - wrote to him on March 21, 1892, praising him for his medical profession

• Dr. Ariston Bautista Lin - sent him a congratulatory letter and a book on Diagnostic Pathology by Dr. H. Virchow and another medical book entitled Traite Diagnostique by Mesnichock.

• Don Antonio Vergel de Dios - offered him his services for the purchase of medical books and instruments which he might need in his profession.

ARRIVED IN HONG KONG

• Before Christmas of 1891, he was gladdened by the arrival of his father, brother and Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law) in Hong Kong.

• Not long afterwards his mother and sisters Lucia, Josefa , and Trinidad also arrived.

• January 31, 1892 – he wrote to Blumentritt recounting their pleasant life in Hong Kong, as follows: “Here we are all living together, my parents, sisters, and brother in peace and far from persecutions they suffered in the Philippines. They are very much pleased with the English government.”

• • Rizal’s friends in Europe enthusiastically endorsed his Borneo colonization project.
• Lopez Jaena expresses his desire to join the project and wrote to Rizal saying:
• “I have a great desire of joining you. Reserve for me there a piece of land where I can plant sugarcane. I shall go there. . . to dedicate myself to the cultivation of sugarcane and the making of sugar. Send me further details.”
• Hidalgo, on the other hand, objected to the colonization project saying:
• “This idea about Borneo, is no good. Why should we leave the Philippines, this beautiful country of ours? And besides what will people say? Why have we made all these sacrifices? Why should we go to a foreign land without first exhausting all means for the welfare of the country which nurtured us from our cradles? Tell me that!”

• Rizal left Ghent for Paris on October 3, 1891 He proceeded by train to Marseilles and on October 18, he boarded the steamer Melbourne bound for HongKong.

• He brought with him a letter of recommendation by Juan Luna for Manuel Camus, a compatriot living in Singapore, and 600 copies of the Fili Juan Luna Manuel Camus

*Manuel Camus -During that time, he was a student and was made as a mason on October 12, 1898 at Zetland in the East Lodge No 508 in Singapore under the jurisdiction of the M. W. Grand Lodge of England. He then became a Senator of the Philippines on his later years.

• On June 19, 1892 he spent his 31st birthday in Hong Kong. Evidently, he had premonition of his death, for the following day, June 20 he wrote two letters which he sealed, inscribed in each envelop “to be opened after my death,” and gave them to his friend, Dr. Marques for safekeeping.

• The first letter was addressed TO MY PARENTS, BRETHREN, AND FRIENDS

• The second letter was addressed TO THE FILIPINOS

• June 21, 1892 – Rizal penned another letter in HK for Governor Despujol. In this letter, he informed the governor general of his coming to Manila and placed himself under the protection of the Spanish government.

• June 21, 1892 – (On the same date) Rizal and his sister Lucia left HK for Manila. They carried a special passport or “safe-conduct” issued by the Spanish consul-general in Hong Kong.

To Ponce, Rizal confided on May 23, 1892: “I am very sorry that Del Pilar allowed the article to be published because it will lead many to believe that there is really a schism among us. I believe that we can well have little misunderstanding and personal differences among ourselves, without exhibiting them in public. . . As for myself. . . I always welcome criticisms because they improve those who wish to be improved”

• • March 2, 1892 – Rizal wrote “Una Visita a la Victoria Gaol”(A Visit to Victoria Gaol), an account of his visit to the colonial prison of Hong Kong. In this article he contrasted the cruel Spanish prison system with the modern and more humane prison system.
• • He wrote an article entitled “Colonisation du British North Borneo, par de Familles de Iles Philippines”(Colonization of British north Borneo by families from the Philippine Islands) to elucidate his Borneo colonization project
• • He elaborated on the same idea in another article in Spanish, “Proyecto de Colonizacion del British North Borneo por los Filipinos” (Project of the Colonization of British North Borneo by the Filipinos)

• Lete’s attack which was printed in La Solidaridad on April 15,1892, portrayed Rizal as cowardly, egoistic, opportunistic – a patriot in words only.

• Rizal protested to Del Pilar saying: “I am more convinced that yourself to be carried away. Friend or enemy, if the article has harmed me, it would harm more the interests of the Philippines. Who knows, however, if after all it was for the best; it has shaken me awake, and long after a long silence I enter the field anew. . . I am going to activate the Propaganda again and fortify the Liga.”

• The Spanish consul-general sent a cablegram to Governor Despujol that the victim “is in the trap”.

• On the same day a secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal and his followers “for anti-religious and anti-patriotic agitation”

• Despujol ordered his secretary, Luis de la Torre, to find out if Rizal was naturalized as a German citizen, as was rumored, so that he might take proper action against on “who had the protection of a strong nation”

• Meanwhile, Rizal and his sister were peacefully crossing the China Sea. They were fully unaware of the Spanish duplicity.

• Rizal possessed the qualities of a great ophthalmic surgeon.

• In the words of Dr. Geminiano de Ocampo, a distinguished Filipino ophthalmologist: “He had all the qualities that would make an ideal ophthalmic surgeon – a keen and analytical intellect, lightness of touch and artistry of a painter, courage and imperturbability, a broad and deep knowledge of medicine and ophthalmology, and last but not the least, he had been properly and adequately trained by master ophthalmic surgeons.”

• • The infamous Weyler, whom the Cubans called “The Butcher” was relieved of his gubernatorial office.
• • A new governor general Eulogio Despujol, the Count of Caspe, announced to the Filipino people a fine program of governmentRizal sent him a letter of felicitation (dated December23, 1891) and offering his cooperation, but instead the governor did not even acknowledge receipt of his letter.
• • Rizal wrote a second letter (dated March 21, 1892), in this second letter, he requested the governor general to permit the landless Filipinos to establish themselves in Borneo.
• • Despujol, did not give Rizal the “courtesy of a reply”. Instead, he notified the Spanish consul general in Hong Kong to tell Rizal that he could not approve the Filipino immigration to Borneo, alleging that, “the Philippines lacked laborers” and “it was not very patriotic to go off and cultivate foreign soil”

• November 20, 1891 – Rizal arrived in Hong Kong

• He was welcomed by the Filipino residents, especially his old friend, Jose Ma. Basa.

• He then established his residence at No. 5 D’ Aguilar Street, No. 2 Rednaxela Terrace, where he also opened his medical clinic.

• December 1, 1891 – he wrote his parents asking their permission to return home.

• On the same date, his brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, sent him a letter, relating the sad news of the “deportation of twenty-five persons from Calamba, including father, Neneng, Sisa, Lucia, Paciano, and the rest of us.” Also stated in his letter that he was preparing a letter to the Queen Regent of Spain explaining the Calamba situation in order to secure justice. Even saying such as: “If the Queen will not listen, we will write to Queen Victoria of England appealing for protection in the name of humanity…”

1) a man astride a stick means a man riding on horseback

2) an actor raising his leg means he is entering a house

3) a red dress indicates a wedding

4) a girl about to be married coyly covers her face with a fan even in the presence of her fiance

5) a man raising a whip signifies he is about to ride a horse

Rizal studied Chinese life, language, drama and customs. He wrote down in his own diary the following experiences:

• On February 18, Rizal, accompanied by BASA, boarded the ferry steamer KIU-KIANG for Macao. He was surprised to see among the passengers a familiar figure – Sainz de Varanda
• Rizal described Macao as “small, low, and gloomy”
• Rizal and Basa stayed at the home of DON JUAN FRANCISCO LECAROS, a Filipino gentleman married to a Portuguese lady, rich and spent his days cultivating plants and flowers, many of which came from the Philippines.

C) The marathon lauriat party, where in the guests were served numerous dishes, such as dried fruits, geese, shrimps, century eggs, shark fins, bird nests, white ducks, chicken with vinegar, fish heads, roasted pigs, tea, etc. The longest meal in the world.

D) The Dominican Order was the richest religious order in Hong Kong. It engaged actively in business. It owned more than 700 houses for rent and many shares in foreign banks. It had millions of dollars deposited in the banks which earned fabulous interests.

E) of the Hong Kong cemeteries belonging to the Protestants, Catholics, and Muslims, that of the Protestants was the most beautiful because of its well-groomed plants and clean pathways. The Catholic cemetery was most pompous, with its ornate and expensive mausoleums and extravagantly carved sepulchers. The muslim cemetery was the simplest, containing only a little mosque and tombstones with Arabic inscriptions.

• Theatre, Casino, Cathedral, and Churches, Pagodas, Botanical Garden, and Bazaars.
• Rizal saw the famous Grotto of Cameons, Portugal’s national Poet
• In the evening of February 19, he witnessed a Catholic Procession, in which the devotees were dressed in blue and purple dresses and were carrying unlighted candles
• on February 20, Rizal and Basa returned to Hong Kong, again on board the ferry steamer KIU KIANG.

The Trip to Hong Kong

• On February 3, 1888, after a short stay of six months in his beloved Calamba, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the ZAFIRO
• He did not get off his ship when it made brief stopover at Amoy for three reasons:

1) he was not feeling well

2) it was raining hard

3) he heard that the city was dirty

Founding of the Liga Filipina

The motto of the Liga Filipina was:

"Unus Instar Omnium" which means one like all

• Supreme Council - the governing body of the league which had jurisdiction over the whole country

- is composed of a president, a secretary, a treasurer, and a fiscal

Officers of the Liga are as follows:

Qualification for membership

• all Filipinos who have at heart the welfare of their fatherland

• Every member pays an entrance fee of 2 pesos and a monthly due of 10 centavos.

The duties of the Liga members are as follows:

• obey the orders of the Supreme Council

• to help in recruiting new members

• to keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of the Liga authorities

• to have a symbolic name which he cannot change until he becomes president oh is council

• to report to the fiscal anything that he may hear which affects the Liga

• to behave well as a good Filipino

• to help fellow members in all ways

• • June 26, 1892
• • Mhe following day, June 27
• • The next day, June 28
• On Wednesday (June 29) at 7:30,
• On Sunday (July 3)

July 3, 1892

Constitution of the Liga Filipina

The aims of the Liga Filipina, as emboided in the Constitution, were the following:

• To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogenous body.

• Mutual protection in every want and necessity.

• Defense against all violence and injustice.

• Encouragement of education, agriculture, and commerce.

• Study and application of reforms.

• Ambrosio Salvador - President
• Deodato Arellano - Secretary
• Bonifacio Arevalo - Treasurer
• Agustin de la Rosa - Fiscal

Second Homecoming And The Liga Filipina

Arrival in Manila with Sister

Arbitrary Deportation to Dapitan

• In the afternoon of the same day, at 4:00 o'clock, he went to Malacañan Palace to seek audience with the Spanish governor general, Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol, Conde de Caspe. But he was told to come back at night at 7 o'clock. Promptly at 7 p.m., he returned to Malacañan and was able to confer with Gov. Gen. Despujol, who agreed to pardon hs father but not the rest of his family and told him to return on Wednesday (June 29).

• After the interview with the gov. gen., he visited his sisters and friends in the city Narcisa and Saturnina and a few friends as well.

• Ramon Despujol - nephew and aide of Gov. Gen. Despujol who escorted Rizal to Fort Santiago where he was put to jail

In Fort Santiago, Rizal was kept incomuniado

- incomunicado-

not able, wanting, or allowed to communicate with other people.

Rizal Arrested and Jailed in Fort Santiago

• July 7, 1892 -

Gaceta de Manila

published the story of Rizal's arrest

The arrest of Rizal produced indignant commotion among the Filipino people, particularly the members of the newly organized Liga Filipina.

• midnight of July 14, 1892 - Rizal was brought under heavy guard to the steamer Cebu which was sailing for Dapitan

The steamer passed; Mindoro and Panay before reaching Dapitan on a Sunday, the 17th of July, at 7 in the evening

Captain Delgras - handed Rizal over to Captain Ricardo Carnicero who was the Spanish commandant of Dapitan

July 17, 1892 - Rizal began his exile in lonely Dapitan which would last until July 31, 1896, a period of 4 years

July 7 1892

Reasons for Rizal's deportation as follows:

• Rizal had published books and articles abroad which showed disloyalty to Spain and which were " frankly anti-Catholic" and "imprudently anti-friar".

• A few hours after his arrival in Manila "there was found in one of the packages ... a bundle of handbills entitled Pobres Frailes in which the patient and humble generosity of Filipinos is satirized, and which accusations is published against the customs of the religious orders."

• His novel

El Filibusterismo

- was dedicated to the memory of three "traitors" ( Burgos, Gomez, and Zamora), and on the title he wrote that in view of the vices and errors of the Spanish administration, " the only salvation for the Philippines was separation from the mother country".

SECOND TRAVEL