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Transcript

Target

Behavior

References

Behavior Change Project

-Cooper, J.O., Heron, T.E., & Heward, W.L. (2007) Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

-Alberto, P. & Troutman, A. (2013) Applied behavior analysis for teacher (9th ed.) Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

-Freeman, K. (2006). Treating bedtime resistance with the bedtime pass: A systematic replication and component analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 38, (4) 423-428.

-Mindlel, J., et al. (2006). Behavioral treatment of bedtime problems and night wakings in infants and young children. SLEEP, Vol. 29, No. 10.

Subject Continued

Subject

  • Slept well as an infant and one-year-old
  • After switching to a twin bed Coltibear had trouble staying in his bed. Very strong-willed and would get out of bed several times if left alone.
  • Had to have one of his parents stay while he fell asleep
  • Behavior meets criteria in Cooper, Heron & Heward, 2007, p. 62-63
  • Coltibear is a 3-year, 8-month-old white male
  • Well spoken and intelligent, no cognitive delays
  • Very tactile, loves rough play and cuddling. Loves outdoors, animals, wildlife and all things dirty!

Increasing the Occurrence of Falling Asleep Alone Using Bedtime Pass, Plus Extinction

Mandi Jackson

University of Central Oklahoma

Behavioral Objective

Target Behavior

Design

Bedtime resistance is prevalent in toddlers. Studies show 20%-30%.

Using a Bedtime Pass and Extinction, Coltibear will increase his ability to fall asleep without and adult present from 0.5 occurrences out of seven days to 5.0 occurrences out of seven days over a two week period of intervention.

An AB design was used in this behavior change project to allow for a shorter intervention time. Also, it was not beneficial, given the subject's age, to return to baseline and re-implement the undesired behavior.

Evidence

Generalization

Implementing Behavioral Treatment

Using a bedtime pass and extinction, Coltibear will increase his ability to fall asleep without and adult present from 0.5 occurrences out of seven days to five out of seven days over a two week period of intervention.

Generalizing these strategies to daytime issues, including naptime, will be another advantage to this treatment.

Sleep disruption and/or insufficient sleep has deleterious effects on children's cognitive development, mood regulation, attention, and behavior, as well as health and overall quality of life (Mindell, 1263).

Increasing literature supports the implementation of behavioral treatments over pharmacological methods, even suggesting it can be more effective.

Additionally, acceptance by both parents and practitioners paired with avoidance of harmful side effects from medication increases the validity of these strategies (Mindell, 1263).

SUMMARY

Intervention was successful

Baseline

RESULTS

Procedures

Definition

Data Collection

Getting Ready for Bed

The Bad Stuff!

Baseline was gathered for two weeks. The parents were instructed to only collect data during baseline. No new methods or routines were to be introduced.

Interval Data Collection was used in this experiment because it was only measured as a "yes" or "no" for the behavior of Coltibear falling asleep on his own.

Get pajamas on

Brush teeth

Read a book

Say bedtime prayer

Tell everyone goodnight

One of the parents would lie down with Coltibear until he fell asleep. This would usually take three to ten minutes, depending on how tired Coltibear was that night.

Falling asleep without an adult present was defined as CJ being in his bed when he fell asleep and there was no adult present at that time.

During baseline, Coltibear only fell asleep without an adult present one time. This was when he fell asleep on his bed while watching a movie in his room.

Added Bonus

RESULTS

The goal of the intervention was met and exceeded. The original goal was to increase from 7.14% to 71.42%. The result was 86%.

Generalization:

During intervention, Coltibear's parents began leaving his room during naptime to see if he would resist. Although he verbally objected, he did not emerge from his room after his parents left.

Limitations

-One subject

-Added reinforcer

-AB design

-Interruption in Intervention

The Bedtime Pass

Reinforcement

Intervention

SUCCESS?

On the first night of Intervention, Coltibear's parents took him to his room and told them they wanted to talk to him, in an upbeat tone. They described the plan and told him they were very excited about the new routine. Coltibear strongly objected to the new routine! He immediately objected by saying, "NO! I want you to lay down with me!"

Bedtime Pass

Cognitive Ability

The Struggle

Coltibear's parents would allow him to have a small sucker on the mornings he woke up after falling asleep on his own. After intervention, this reinforcement was intended to decrease and become variable.

Coltibear's parents were not sure he understood the bedtime pass. However, when he emerged from his room within 60 seconds with the pass in his hand, they were convinced he had it down.

Coltibear's parents explained the use of the pass. He was allowed to use the pass once per night for one of three reasons. After using the pass, he was to return to bed and not get up again.

The first several nights Coltibear got up several times from his bed before falling asleep. This continued for at least four nights. The resistance was accompanied by very intense objections, crying and angry outburts.

Results

Resistance

Bedtime Pass Use

Results

In the twelve days he was home, Coltibear used the bedtime pass 11 times. The final night, he came to his parent's room around 1:30 a.m., but did not bring the pass.

The number of times Coltibear emerged from his room after his parents left gradually decreased over the course of intervention. Nights 1-6 were: 9, 7, 6, 4, 3, 2, respectively. After night six, he no longer emerged from his room after his parents left.

During intervention, Coltibear fell asleep without an adult present 12 out of 14 nights. This averaged out to be six times per seven nights. The two nights with an adult present were when he visited his grandparents. This increased from 7.14% to 86%.

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