1.2.2 Muscular System GCSE PE Edexcel

Plenary:

1) Label the muscle man.

2) Stick the information for voluntary and involuntary muscles on the sheet.

3) EXTENSION: Exam style questions.

The term 'muscular system' describes all the muscles in the body and how they work.

Movement happens as a result of muscles contracting and lengthening.

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Muscles also define body shape and maintain posture, whether sitting or standing.

Muscles need to rest and recover after exercise.

The Muscular System

We will have a look at the different muscles.

Stick your stickers on your partner where you think that they should go.

1) After an exercise session, your muscles need time to adapt and recover.

2) If you don't rest for long enough, you could risk injuring yourself.

3) There are good and bad ways of speeding up the time it takes your muscles to recover:

DIET:

Your muscles are made up of proteins. By eating a high protein diet, you can speed up the rate at which your body can build and repair muscle - shortening your rest and recovery time.

DRUGS:

Anabolic steroids stimulate the body to produce muscle proteins at a faster rate. This also speeds up the time it takes to build and repair muscles.

Voluntary Muscles

Can be consciously controlled.

Can be trained to be stronger and work for longer periods of time without getting tired.

They are the muscles we work on to improve flexibility and allow greater range of movement at the joints.

These are the muscles used when exercising and playing sport.

Write down what you know about...

Voluntary Muscles

Write down what you know about...

Involuntary Muscles

Long-Term Effects

of Exercise...

Involuntary Muscles

1) Doing regular exercise and strength training will eventually make your muscles thicker and your muscle girth larger (measurement of the distance around your muscles when flexed).

These muscles contract and lengthen by themselves.

Muscles around internal organs.

2) The thickening of muscles is called hypertrophy. It happens to all muscles when they are exercised, including your . The opposite to hypertrophy is atrophy where there is a loss in muscle mass and strength.

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The heart is an involuntary muscle - cardiac muscle.

Short-Term Effects

of Exercise...

3) The thicker a muscle is, the more strongly it can contract - so regular exercise increases your muscular strength.

1) Whatever type of exercise you do, your muscles will contract. There are two types of contraction - isometric and isotonic.

Isometric Contraction - tension in the muscle is increased by the length stays the same, so nothing moves. E.G: Ski sit

Isotonic Contraction - the muscle changes length and so something moves. E.G: Lifting a weight

2) Whenever you exercise, your muscles work harder than usual, and so need more energy. That means that your body has to increase the oxygen supply to the muscles to give them the energy they need.

Antagonistic Muscles Work in Pairs!

3) If your body can't keep up with the muscles' demand for oxygen, the muscles will release energy without oxygen and produce lactic acid. (Lactic acid is produced in Aerobic or Anaerobic Training??)

Muscles can only do one thing - PULL.

To make a joint move in 2 directions, you need 2 muscles that can pull in opposite directions.

4) If you continue to use your muscles for a long period and they're not getting enough oxygen, they start to feel tired and heavy. This is known as muscle fatigue.

1) Antagonistic muscles are pairs of muscles that work against each other.

2) One muscle contracts (shortens) while the other one relaxes (lengthens) and vice versa.

3) The muscle that is doing the work (contracting) is the prime mover, or agonist.

4) The muscle that is relaxing is the antagonist.

5) Each muscle is attached to two bones.

6) Only one of the bones connected at the joint actually moves.

Watch the following video and write down the exercise and related sport for each muscle

Draw a table:

Muscle / Main function of the muscle / Gym Exercise/ Sporting example

Tendon: A tissue that joins muscle to bone.

LEARN THE

SPELLINGS!!!!

Isotonic and Isometric Contractions...

The muscles that you need to know:

- deltoid

- trapezius

- latissimus dorsi

- pectorals

- abdominals

- biceps

- triceps

- gluteals

- quadriceps

- hamstrings

- gastrocnemius

Isotonic:

This type of contraction results in limb movement. For example, a press-up.

Isometric:

This type of contraction occurs when the muscle contracts but stays in a fixed position. For example, the plank position.