Okada, Human Organ Systems

Integumentary, Cardiovascular,Immune, and Nervous System

Nervous System

Major structures:

• Brain
• Spinal chord
• Nerves
• Sense organs
• Receptors

Functions:

• Controls and coordinates body movements and senses
• Controls consciousness and creativity
• Helps monitor and maintain other body systems

For more information, click the link below:

http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html

Immune System

Major structures:

• Lymph nodes and vessels
• White blood cells

Functions:

• Provides protection against infection and disease

Integumentary System

For more information, click the link below:

http://www.innerbody.com/image/lympov.html

Major Structure:

• Skin
• Hair
• Nails

Functions:

• Protects against pathogens
• Helps regulate body temperature

For more information, click the link below:

http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/integumentary

Cardiovascular System

Major structures:

• Heart
• Blood vessels
• Blood

Functions:

• Transports nutrients and wastes to and from all body tissues

For more information, click the link below:

http://www.innerbody.com/image/cardov.html

What is the muscular system?

Muscular System

• All the muscles in your body
• Works alongside the skeletal system to produce movement

a. muscles are connected to bones by tendons

• Can only contract or shorten

* The abililty to move an arm in opposite directions requires that muscles be attachted to the arm bones in antagonistic pairs

Major Functions:

• Provides structure
• Supports and moves trunk and limbs
• Moves substances through body
• Produces movement

Major Structure:

Muscles

(skeletal, cardiac, and smooth)

Muscle system includes:

• Hamstring
• Quadriceps
• Biceps
• Abdominal external
• Deltoids

For more information visit the link below:

http://www.innerbody.com/image/musfov.html

Respiratory System

Major structures: Air passages

Lungs

Functions:

• Carries air into and out of lungs, where gases are exchanged

For more information visit the link below:

http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/respiratory

Digestive System

Major Structures:

• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Liver
• Pancreas
• Small and large intestine

Functions:

• Stores and digests food
• Absorbs nutrients
• Eliminates waste

Skeletal, Muscular, and the Respiratory Systems

For more information, click the link below:

http://www.innerbody.com/image/digeov.html

Excretory System

Major structures:

• Kidney
• Ureters
• Bladder
• urethra
• Skin
• Lungs

Functions:

• Eliminates waste
• Maintains water and chemical balance

For more information, click the link below:

http://www.innerbody.com/image/urinov.html

Digestive, Excretory, Endocrine, and Reproductive System

Skeletal System

What is the skeletal system,?

• All the bones and tissues in your body
• Consists of tendons, ligaments, and cartilage
• Even though made of enamel and dentin, teeth are included in this system

Endocrine System

Bones

Tissues

• Made up of four parts
• Blood vessel
• Compact bone
• Spongy bone
• Bone marrow: where new cells are constantly being produced for the blood

a. Yellow bone marrow:

i. contained in the central cavity

ii. mostly stored fat brought into the bone by the blood

b. Red bone marrow

i. contained in the cavaties

ii. specialized tissue that produces blood cells

• A group of cells with similar structure and function
• Four different types
• connective tissue
• muscle tissue
• nervous tissue
• epithelial tissue

Major functions:

Reproductive System

• Provides structure
• Ability to be locomotive, active travel from place to place, requiring that an animal expend energy to overcome two forces that tend to keep it stationary: friction and gravity
• Supports and protects internal organs and fragile body tissue

-Such as the spinal chord, the brain, and the cranium

• Bones act as the framework for the muscles to attach to so the body is able to move

Major structures:

• Glands (such as adrenal, thyroid, and pancreas)
• Hypothalamus

Functions:

• Maintains homeostasis
• Regulates metabolism
• Water and mineral balance
• Growth and sexual development
• Reproduction

Different Skeletal Types

C. Endoskeleton

• Consists of hard or leathery supporting elements situated among the soft tissues of an animal
• Vertebrates have endoskeletons consisting of cartilage or a combination of cartilage and bones

Three main types of skeletons:

A. Hydrostatic skeleton

• Consists of fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment
• Helps protect other body parts and cushions them from shocks
• Compatible for soft and flexible movements

B. Exoskeleton

• Rigid external skeleton
• Muscles attached to knobs and plates on the inner surfaces of the exoskeleton work to move the jointed body parts
• Thin and flexible allowing a wide variety og body movements

Major structure:

• Ovaries
• Uterus
• Mammary glands (in females)
• Testes (in males)

Functions:

• Produces ova and milk in females
• Makes sperm in males
• Generates offspring after fertilization

For more information, click the link below:

http://www.innerbody.com/image/endoov.html

Additional Information

Vertebrae Skeletons

A. Axial Skeleton

• Supports the axis, or trunk, of the body
• Consists of the skull, the backbone, and the rib cage in most cases

B. Appendicular Skeleton

• Supports the appendages
• Made up of bones of the forelimbs and hind limbs, the shoulder girdle, and the pelvic girdle

Joints

A. Ball and Socket Joints

• Where the humerus joins to the shoulder girdle and in the hip where the femur joins to the pelvic girdle
• Enables the ability to rotate the arms and legs and move them in several planes

B. Hinge Joint

• Between th humerus and the head of the ulna permits movement in a single plane

C. Pivot Joint

• Enables arm the forearm to rotate at the elbow

Hinge and pivot joints between the bones enable the wrists and hands to make precise manipulations

Major structure:

Bones

For more information, click the link below:

For females -

http://www.innerbody.com/image/repfov.html

For males -

http://www.innerbody.com/image/repmov.html

Skeletal System includes:

For more information, click the link below:

http://www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.html

• Scapula
• Clavicle
• Mandible
• Ribs
• Femur
• Tibia

Human Organ Systems

Summary

There are eleven human body systems:

• Skeletal System
• Muscular System
• Respiratory System
• Integumentary System
• Cardiovascular System
• Immune System
• Nervous System
• Digestive System
• Excretory System
• Endocrine System
• Reproductive System

By: June Okada

For more information on the Human Organ Systems, visit the link below:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_anatomy