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Algal Blooms and Their Causes and Effects
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Algal Blooms and Their Causes and Effects
Algal Bloom Effects On Sea Life
HABs release harmful or toxic effects that can kill marine life and cause a decline to aquaculture operations. These toxins can make their way through the food web, harming seabirds, marine mammals, and humans.
HABs: Red Tides
Harmful Algal Blooms(HABs)
Hypoxia
HABs are photosynthetic organisms that occur when algal blooms grow out of control due to excess nutrients (phoshorous & nitrogen). They can cause change in water color, unpleasant odor, gelatin-like substances, etc. Examples of HABs are redtides (red water), browntides (brown water), and cyanobacteria.
Economic Consequences of Algal Blooms
Causes of Algal Blooms
Harmful algal blooms have two main causes: natural processes (circulation, upwelling relaxation, and river flow) and anthropogenic loadings leading to eutrophication. There have been increased amounts of harmful blooms around the world, but the reason why still remains debated.
Examples of HABs
Algal Blooms
What is Hypoxia?
Hypoxia happens when oxygen consumption, through decomposing organic material (algal blooms), exceeds oxygen production through photosynthesis and replenishment from the atmosphere. Hypoxia results in oxygen deficient areas and many organisms avoid these areas causing them to become "dead zones".
Eutrophication and its Effects
Eutrophication is when there is an overabundance of nutrients in a body of water. Eutrophicaton causes algal blooms, which can cover the surface of the water, blocking light from reaching other photosynthetic organisms in the water
Eutrophication
Economic Consequences of Algal Blooms
Total public health impact from HAB causing toxic seafood averaged $22 million from 1987-92. Due to NSP(neurotoxic shellfish poisoning), PSP(paralytic shellfish poisoning), ASP(amnesic shellfish poisoning), ciguatera(illness caused by eating toxic reef fish), browntides(another type of algal bloom) annual impact was an average of $18 million. In Florida the reoccurring red tides have caused about $20 million in tourism-related losses per year.