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(By: Mah, VK, Ford-Jones, EL, PAEDIATRICS & CHILD HEALTH, 12057088,, Vol. 17, Issue 2)
(Rappley MD, Kallman JR. Mİddle Childhood. In: Carey EB, Crocker AC, Coleman WL, Elias ER, Feldman HM, eds. Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, 9th edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2009:50-61.)
Brain and nervous system developments continue during middle childhood.
More complex behavioral and cognitive abilities become possible as the central nervous system matures.
Brain development is characterized by growth of specific structures,especially the frontal lobes.
Damage to this part of brain (frontal lobe)results in;
*erratic emotional outburts
*inability to plan
*poor judgment
Lateralization of the two hemispheres of the brain, also continues during middle childhood, as does maturation of the carpus callosum(the bands of neural fibers connecting the two celebral hemispheres) and other areas of the nervous system.
Middle childhood Matters.Child and youth health network.[www.child-youth-health.net/en/child-youth-health/Middle_Matters_p275.html]
(Accessed on November 7,2010)
Motor skills begin to improve in the middle childhood.
They can easily running,jumping,throwing,climbing, reading and writing.
Before the this stage,they growing up fastly,but in middle childhood growing up slowdown.
Girls and boys still have similar body shapes and proportions.
Girls growth rate is faster than boys-possibly linked with puberty.
Breasts and curves in females,deeper voice and broad shoulder in male.
Sight still improve,ıf they use fine-lead pencil and read to small fonts, may be their optic tracts can damage.
Malnutrition can affect all aspects of development.Obesity is increasing in middle childhood.
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/phychology/development-phychology/physical-cognitive-development-age-711/physical-development-age-711
the period of cognitive development between 7 - 11 years of age,
which is character by active & appropriate use of logic
The developmental process is initiated by genetics, but shaped by experience.
health
intelligence
social emotional
references
It is a self-perpetuaing cycle, with each new experience leading to the acqusition of new skills and abilities.
Empower them with self-confidence
Children participate in programs and activities that promote positive peer interactions.
References:Chaddock L, Erickson KI, Prakash RS, et al. Aerobic fitness in preadolescent children. Dev Neurosci 2010;32:249-56
Paediatricians can encourage families to begin this cycle with the following keys:
Art and cultural activities improve children's mind.
With even a small amount of aerobic activity, children can improve their IQ as well as their psychological and physical health.
REFERENCES
1. Rappley MD, Kallman JR. Middle Childhood. In: Carey EB, Crocker AC, Coleman WL, Elias ER, Feldman HM, eds. Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, 9th edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2009:50-61.
2. Fish EW, Shakrokh D, Bagot R, et al. Epigenetic programming of stress responses through variations in maternal care. Ann NY Acad Sci 2004;1036:167-80.
3. Pollak SD, Nelson CA, Schlaak MF, et al. Neurodevelopmental effects of early deprivation in post-institutionalized children. Child Dev 2010;81:224-36.
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5. Middle Childhood Matters. Child and Youth Health Network. <www.child-youth-health.net/en/child-youth-health/Middle_Childhood_Matters_p275.html> (Accessed on November 7, 2010).
6. Middle Childhood Inside and Out:The Psychological and Social. World of Children 9-12. United Way of the Lower Mainland Report March 2007. <www.uwlm.ca> (Accessed on November 7, 2010).
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8. Chaddock L, Erickson KI, Prakash RS, et al. Aerobic fitness in preadolescent children. Dev Neurosci 2010;32:249-56.
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