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Transcript

Invented Symbol

  • Symbol created out of a thing, action, or event that has no previously agreed-upon symbolic significance
  • Can be action, thing, idea, etc.
  • "After a Death" by Roo Borson (p. 860)

Symbols in Poetry

Traditional Symbol

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  • Symbols with built-in significance because of past usage in literature or tradition
  • Stories a culture develops to explain itself and its beliefs, so these symbols have agreed-upon significance/meaning
  • More easily recognizable
  • Ex: Birds - flight, freedom, soaring beyond rationality or mortality, imagination, pure and ideal singers of songs
  • May be used for traditional meaning or revised to create new meaning and effect

The End

  • Something that stands for something else
  • Symbols in poetry have range of reference beyond their literal significance, or denotation
  • How symbols are interpreted may be based on person's background, but context of poem will help
  • A poem itself can be wholly symbolic

Personification

  • Treating an abstraction (death, justice, beauty, etc.) as if it were a person
  • Creates emotional responses that could be spooky, depressing, humorous, etc.

Visual Imagery and Symbols in Poetry

Allusion

  • Brief reference to a fictitious or actual person, place, or thing and, usually, to the stories or myth surrounding it
  • Used to suggest complex images, feelings, and ideas relying on shared literary and cultural knowledge
  • Sometimes need to look up the reference, but most important first step is to recognize it
  • "My Love for You Is So Embarrassingly" by Todd Boss (p. 840)

Metaphor

Simile and Analogy

  • Describing something as if it were something else
  • Poets compare ideas foreign to us to familiar things for us to visualize and understand
  • Extended metaphor: single metaphor that extends over a section of a poem
  • Controlling metaphor: single metaphor that extends over the whole poem
  • "Marks" by Linda Pastan (p. 838)
  • Simile: explicit comparisons ("like a rose" and "as cold as winter")
  • Analogy: simile that is more elaborate and developed comparison that governs a whole poem

Visual Imagery

  • Poems depend on concrete and specific words that create images in our minds - images we can ground ourselves in
  • Physical senses
  • Much of interpreting poetry lies in images poems create

Language of Poetry

  • Language of poetry is often visual and pictorial.
  • Languages of description vary
  • Precision and its opposite
  • Figurative language, or figures of speech

Figurative Language in Poetry

  • Metaphor
  • Personification
  • Simile and Analogy
  • Allusion
  • All types aim to clarify experience, speaker's perspective, tone, theme, etc.
  • Invite us to feel certain ways based on images provided
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