1945-1960: The Rise of Hospitals- Bureaucracy,Science, and S

1945-1960:

The Rise of Hospitals, Bureaucracy, Science, and Shortage

1958

1953

1946

1947

Military nurses were awarded full commissioned officer status

• Title, full rights, privilege, and pay

• Julia O. Flikke first nurse to be promoted to hold full rank of colonel in the Army

The Hill-Burton Act

• Provided funds to construct hospitals
• Sponsored by Senator Harold Burton (Ohio) and Senator J. Lister Hill (Alaska)
• Service for all people regardless of race or affordability
• More hospitals allowed for more patient care
• Nurses work conditions changed

Mildred Montag

Associate Degree in Nursing Established

Funding from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation was given to test at seven pilot sites in four states

The program was a success and attracted a wide range variety of students

Growing work load in hospitals introduced

“team nursing”

• Designed by Eleanor Lambertson
• New system of nursing to improved patient care management
• The team consisted of an registered nurse (RN) who serves as the team lead, a licensed practical nurse (LPN), and a certified nurse assistant (NAs).

1950

1960

1945

References

1954

1952

1947

Men were allowed to enter the military nursing corps

Segregation of African-American nurses was ended

• Limited jobs for black nurses
• Executive Order 9981 issued by President Harry S. Truman eliminated blatant discrimination in the armed forces
• Executive Order 9981 states, "there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin." (U.S. Amry, para 8)

Boyd, T. (2011, May 2). Mildred Montag

Envisions AD Nursing Education. Retrieved October 24, 2014.

What Is the Hill-Burton Act? (n.d.). Retrieved

October 29, 2014.

Department of Health. (2008, July 9.) NHS

60- 1960scase study [ Video file]. Retreived from

Chitty, K. K., & Black, B. P. (2007). The history and

social context of nursing. In Y. Alexopoulus, & L. Newton (Eds.) Professional nursing: cencepts and challenges (pp.28-68). St Louis, Missouri: Evolve

Chitty, K. K., & Black, B. P. (2007). Team nursing. In

Y. Alexopoulus, & L. Newton (Eds.) Professional nursing: cencepts and challenges (pp.365-366). St Louis, Missouri: Evolve

U.S. Army Medical Department, Office of Medical

History. (n.d.), Black history month proud to serve: African American Nurse Corp officers. Retreived from http://www.history.amedd.army.mill/ancwebsite/article/blackhistory.html

Journal of Nursing Research was first published

• This demonstrates the nursing’s focus on scientific based nursing practice
• Advanced nursing profession into research
• Main topic included nursing personnel, staffing patterns, satisfaction, and unit organization
• Equivalent to quality assurance manuals used today

Male Nurses- Life at Runwell Hospital, Wickford, Essex, 1943

(Wikimedia, 2014)

Chitty, & Black, pp. 366)