음악현상의 이해-2

Music & Technology

Properties of Musical Sound

"Invention of Violin"

Palestrina - Sicut Cervus

Purcell: Funeral Music for Queen Mary / Rattle · RIAS Kammerchor · Berliner Philharmoniker

Claudio Monteverdi - L'Orfeo

Vocal

"Whoever plays an instrument must be conversant with singing"-G.P.Telemann

‘The voice as a model for instrumental sound’

Vivaldi-Flute Concerto in D Major "Il Gardellino", RV 428 III. Allegro

A Comparison of styles of each musical period

1. Pitch : rate of vibration

2. Duration : length of vibration continues

3. Volume : Intensity of vibration, the tone strikes us as being loud or soft

4. Timbre : tone color, Timbre is influenced by size, shape, material of the

instrument and manner in which vibration is produced (bowed, plucked…)

5. Instrument : Music is produced by vocally or by playing musical

Instrument. Mechanism of instrument generates vibrations and launches

them into the air.

6. Register : Each voice type and instrument has limited melodic range

The human voice is the most natural of all musical instruments; it is also one of The most widely used – all cultures have some form of vocal music. Each person’s

voice has a particular quality, or character, and range. Our standard designations For vocal ranges, from highest to lowest, are soprano, mezzo-soprano, and alto (short for contralto) for female voice, tenor, baritone, and bass for male voices.

The World of Musical Instrument

The diversity of musical instruments played around the world defies description.

Since every conceivable method of sound production is used, and every possible

raw material employed, it would be impossible to list them all. However, specialists

Have devised a method of classifying instruments. There are four basic categories.

Acoustical instrument originated in Eastern culture ….

Moves to European culture and developed …

Notations

Renaissance ( Neumes ) vs Classic Music ( five line staff Notation)

Hand-written musical notation by J.S.Bach beginning of the prelude from the suite for Lute in G minor

.Pachelbel, Canon in D

church mode

J. S. Bach Toccata and Fugue in D minor

Gregorian chants

Claudio Monteverdi Madrigales

Christian African Gospel Group Acapella Childrens Choir

Ordinary(fixed portion) Proper(variable portion)

The early music of the Christian church was shaped in part by Greek, Hebrew, and Syrian influences. The task extended over several generations tradition credits Pope Gregory the Great (resigned 590-604).

It is monophonic in texture, lacking harmony, avoids wide leaps and dynamic contrasts, nearly all of it anonymous.

The Mass, a reenactment of the sacrifice of Christ, is the most solemn ritual

of the Roman Catholic Church. The collection of prayers that make up the

Mass fall into two categories :

1. Introit

2. Kyrie

3. Gloria

4. Collect

5. Epistel

6. Gradual

7. Alleluia ( or Tract )

8. Gospel

9. Credo

10. Offertory

11. Secret

12. preface

13. Sanctus

14. Canon

15. Agnus Dei

16. Communion

17. Post Communion

1. Ordinary : Texts that remain the same way every Mass

Kyrie - Gloria - Credo - Sanctus - Agnus dei - Lte, missa est - Benedicamus Domino - Requiescant in pace

2. Proper : Texts that vary from day to day throughout the church year, depending on the feast being celebrate

Introit - Gradual - Alleluia or Tract - Sequence - Offertory - Communion

Accentus : Collect - Epistle - Gospel - Secret - Preface - Canon - Postcommunion

Four musical Era

Orchestral Instrument

“In music, instruments perform the function of the colors employed in painting.”

Ancient, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance,

The Baroque era 1600 to 1750

The Classical era 1750 to 1820

The Romantic era 1820 to 1900

The Post Romantic era 1890 to 1930

The Impressionost 20th Century

Post Impressionost 20th Century

Nationalism 20th Century

Super Mario Brothers Theme Clarinet Quartet

Alessandro Marcello, Concerto in re minore per oboe e orchestra

***Distinction between “Classical” Music & “Classical” Era

1. String Instruments : Violin, Viola, Violoncello, Double Bass

2. Woodwind Instruments : non reed, single reed, double reed

3. Brass Instruments : Horn, Trumpet, Cornet, Trombone, Tuba

4. Percussion Instruments : Drum group, wood made, metal made …

5. Keyboard Instruments : Harpsichord, Pianoforte, Organ, Celesta …

6. Others : Harp, Guitar, Harmonica …

7. Electronic Instruments

Bach’s Toccata and fugue in D minor

Vivaldi’s (red priest1678-1741) Four seasons

Handel’s (1685-1785) Oratorio, Messiah

Haydn String Quartet , Op. 76, No.2 4th movement, Vivace assai

Mozart symphony No.40 in G minor, 1st movement

Beethoven Egmont Overture

Schubert - Death and the Maiden

Brahms Symphony No.4 1st movement

Tchaikovsky Serenade

Debussy Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun; Boulez

Ravel Jeux d'eau

Prokofiev: Romeo and Juliet, No 13 Dance of the Knights

Typical Distribution of Orchestral Instrument

Gregorian chant - Deum verum

Classical Music?

Classical music is the art music produced in, or rooted in, the traditions of Western liturgical and secular music, encompassing a broad period from roughly the

11th century to present times. The central norms of this tradition became

codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common practice period It should not be confused with the Classical Era.

European music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and

popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to prescribe to the

performer the pitch, speed, meter, individual rhythms and exact execution of a

piece of music. This leaves less room for practices such as improvisation and

ad libitum ornamentation, that are frequently heard in non-European art music

and popular music. The term "classical music" did not appear until the early

19th century, in an attempt to "canonize" the period from Johann Sebastian Bach

to Beethoven as a golden age. The earliest reference to "classical music" recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is from about 1836.

-From Wkipedia, the free encyclopedia

II. Classical music

& Musical Instruments

Musical Ensembles

Bohemian Rhapsody with Mnozil Brass

Popper-Hungarian Rhapsody

(Vc. 김정진 )

-Choral groups

Chorus : music performed by many voices for religious purposes

Choir : smaller then chorus, often connected with church or with sacred music

A cappella : In early times, choral music was often performed without accompaniment

-Instrumental Chamber Ensembles

Duos : Solo Instrument + Piano

Trios : String trio ( Vn1+Vn2 or Va ), Piano Trio ( Pf+Vn+Vc )

Quartet : String quartet ( Vn1,2+Va+Vc )

Piano Quartet ( Pf+Vn+Va+Vc )

Quintet : String quintet ( Vn1,2+Va1,2+Vc )

Piano Quintet ( Pf+String Quartet )

Woodwind quintet : Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Basson, French horn (a brass instrument)

Brass quintet : Trumpet1,2+French horn+Trombone+Tuba

Sextet, Septet, octet ……

Mendelssohn Trio in D minor, second movement

Schubert - String Quartet "Rosamunde" D804 - Mov. 1/4

Brahms: Piano Quartet No.1 Op.25 4th mov. rondo alla zingarase

Schubert - String Quintet in C Major (part 1 )

Arthur Rubinstein - Robert Schumann Quintet in E flat, Op. 44 (4)

Samuel Barber Summer Music - Berlin Counterpoint

New York Philharmonic Principal Brass Quintet play the UWS Apple Store

US Army Brass Quintet

- Flight of the Bumble Bee - Harry Watters, trombone

음악현상의 이해

2014 fall semester

김 정 진

HSS376 Musical Phenomena