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Author and Audience Relationship

Time

*Chronological Order*

Vocabulary

Chronological order is the normal order to use when narrating. When telling a story, the events should go in order or otherwise the reader could easily get confused.

  • Most basic
  • easy to understand
  • good for stories or lists

Background info

The vocabulary can range according the audience's age, their education and whether or not they support the Author. Also a difficult topic must be carefully discussed

The time of events in a story or writing is an important tool to get the point across, while also avoiding confusion. the order in which events take place is important in writng.

How does the Author arrange details

Also, when writing the author must decide which background information to include, what does the audience already know, and what you want to tell them.

Analysis:

Speech:

Offensive word choice

Example one:

Not only can too advanced vocabulary turn the audience against the author, but aggressive or negative vocab can also ruin a piece of writing or speech.

Right!

He mentions the love of freedom to remind people of the the fight to protect it. Also captures the attention of more people.

Insults distract from the goal of the speech. The intended audience is angry, and not willing to fight for for their leader.

lost interest!

"I call for effort, courage, sacrifice, devotion. Granting the love of freedom. All of these are possible. And the love of freedom is still fierce and steady in the nation today." Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Wrong!

Authors have a responsibilty to best communicate with the readers. They use organizing principles such as...

  • Time
  • Location
  • Order or importance

to help simplify and get their point across

The wrong vocab in a speech or piece of literature can cause the audience to lose interests easily.

Dr. King knows many of his audience members would recognize the many allusions and references to historical events he uses in his speech. He uses well known pieces because he understands his audience's previous knowledge. This gets the attention the of the diverse group and he does so secretly using their background information.

  • " five score years ago" - alluding to Lincoln's speech
  • "Finds himself and exile in his own land" - drawing form the old testament
  • "This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent" - reminding of Shakespeare's Richard III

Doesn't encourage unity or favor for the president.

Strong words, courage and devotion make the cause important, thus the audience members are important.

I need the lazy, selfish Americans to stand up and fight and give some effort. You need to help. We have to fight to keep our freedom, you have to be willing to sacrifice. - Savanna Vail (bad version of Franklin Delano Roosevelt)

carefully spins the negative aspects of war into a chance to help your country. He utilizes the love and unity of the people.

doesn't know what the writing is about, then isn't effected by it.

an easy to understand analogy that captures attention and simplifies Roosevelt's objective.

RIGHT!

WRONG!

Confusing vocabulary. audience checks out immediately!

offends people and causes a negative reaction to accusations.

Strong captivating vocabulary

  • accomplishment
  • objective
  • full speed
  • obstructions

"All roads leading to the accomplishment of these objectives must be kept clear of obstructions. We will not slow down or detour. Signs and signals call for speed-full speed ahead" - Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Example two:

doesn't understand words, doesn't understand writing.

Conversely. neither those who spring from that ancient stock nor those who have come hither in later years can be indifferent to the destruction of freedom in their ancestral lands across the sea - Franklin Delano Roosevelt

non-confusing words. clear concise point

10. Author's Intended Audience

Their choices can make the writing either clear or obscure. They use these techniques to dictate how the audience reads the text.

Location

*Spacial Order*

Spacial order is often used when describing somthing. There is a starting point for description then the author would continue to describe while changing the location. The author can move right, left, up, or down to continue the description. Location matters, because the reader needs to be able to follow the description, if the details were in a random order, it would be more confusing.

The Author must know the audience as he or she writes because the audience changes many aspects of the piece.

including:

  • vocabulary
  • background information
  • How will they react?

Example:

BEST!

CONFUSING

On the top can can see a dark blue triangle with and teal circle right below it. Then a light blue box directly below that. Continuing further down, is a solid white triangle then underneath that and dark blue box. Fianlly under the triangle the final object is a bright pink circle.

First there is and teal circle 2nd from the top and then there is a white triangle below that. But above the white triangle is a light blue box and a dark blue triangle. On the bottom is and pink circle.

location

Reactions and emotions

Order of importance

Possibly the most important aspect to understand before writing is how the audience feels about the topic, the author, or even the current situation in their lives or around the world. Before writing it is essential to know your audience and their personal feelings.

*Climatic order*

Among the different pieces of information given by an author, it is easy to understand the most important by how the author oragnizes the details. Placing a detail at teh end of a sentence places stress on that particular detail and gives it the effect of importance. This allows the author to get his or her point across without having to use "most importantly" or "significantly".

11. Author's attitude toward the subject and audience

Example 1:

Example 2:

Example

"And for the support of this declaration. with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine providence. We mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor." - Thomas Jefferson

To Enemies

Through is choice of words and order, as readers we are able to figure out the most important pledge is the honor. Our lives and fortune are still significant but not as much as honor.

To Opposition

This situation with clashing countries is a great example of knowing your audience. The Author, in this case JFk must carefully select the words he uses.

Possibilities of anger toward author:

  • Jealous
  • Different opinion
  • Grudge

He carefully address the countries that wish him ill, but doesn't insult.

He makes them feel important.

He never directly address his enemies in order to keep peace.

"Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty." - John F Kennedy

To use a specific tone, the author must careflly choose hie or her tone and diction, also whether they use formal or informal language.

He addresses them as a whole so they are not pointed out, but still feel recognized in the new president's inaugural address.

He is sympathetic too their needs without insulting.

"To those peoples in the huts and villages across the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves: - John F. Kennedy

He comes across as strong and determined without threatening.

Can't:

  • Threaten
  • Anger
  • Insult
  • Challenge
  • Seem Week

JFK doesn't ignore their problems.

Examples of Tone:

  • cautious
  • irritated
  • welcoming
  • bored
  • angry

Tone and Diction

To determine the tone of a piece you use the author's diction, or word choice.

Example and analysis:

Formal or Informal tone

Tones can be negative or postive depending on the author's feelings toward the subject or the reader.

Possible Examples:

  • Cautious
  • enthusiastic
  • irritated

To determine the tone of a piece you use the author's diction, or word choice.

Informal Tone

Formal Tone

Example:

You know that book I wrote? Well, the publishing company rejected it. They thought it was awful. But hey, I did the best I could, and I think it was great. I’m not gonna redo it the way they said I should.

Example:

This is to inform you that your book has been rejected by our publishing company as it was not up to the required standard. In case you would like us to reconsider it, we would suggest that you go over it and make some necessary changes.

Informal tone is much different than the formal tone. Informal can express more emotion, either negative or positive. It's more personal between the author and audience. In this case, two friends could be talking which would call for a more relaxed tone.

This diction is serious and provides the necessary information that needs to get across. Easy to understand and stragiht-forward. The formal tone has a very limited range of emotion.

source:

http://www.word-mart.com/html/formal_and_informal_writing.html

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