The Effects of Colonialism of the British in Canada

The Effects of Colonialism of the British in Canada

By Jasdeep, Kathryn, Rajan & Azzma

Territory in Canada After British Colonialism

• Britain gained control of the country in 1763.
• Britain armies, backed by the British royal navy, captured Quebec City in 1759.
• Constitutional Act of 1791 divided Quebec into two colonies, Lower Canada and Upper Canada.
• During the mid-1860’s, some colonial leaders argued that Canada needed a strong central government to deal with domestic matters. They started a movement for a confederation (union) of the Canadian colonies.
• Quebec Conference was meeting at which Canadian leaders proposed a plan for forming a united Canada.
• Confederation of Canada was the union of British colonies formed the Dominion of Canada in 1867.
• A number of other British colonies, such as Newfoundland and British Columbia, and large territories such as Rupert’s Land initially remained outside of the newly formed federation.
• Canada won its independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, but amendments to the British North America Act continued to require British approval.

Political Autonomy in Canada after British Colonialism

• The First Nations didn’t lose all their rights immediately, it was a progressive process

• The First Nations were stripped of their rights and told to adapt a more European lifestyle

• The Aboriginals were given the option to either defy the British and have their rights taken away or to learn how to read and write and they would be allow to vote and have a British/Canadian citizenship and own property

• The British decided they didn’t need the Aboriginals after they had outnumbered them

• First Nations chiefs, 1867:

Culture and Language in Canada after British Colonialism

Population in Canada After British Colonialism

Economic Well-being in Canada After British Colonialism

• Aboriginal peoples were forced to learn and speak English

• Canada is now more of a western country

• Everyone in Canada was forced out of their traditional clothing and dressed as Europeans

• Our national languages are French and English which are both European languages

• We mostly only celebrate European holidays such as Christmas and Easter and don’t celebrate aboriginal holidays

• Canada today isn’t as in touch with nature as it was when only Aboriginals lived here. We don’t believe in interconnectedness as much as they do

• People were forced to leave their religion or beliefs and had to convert to Christianity

• This is a picture of First Nations when they were forced to dress like Europeans:

• This is a picture of First Nations in their traditional clothing:

• Canada’s economic history begins with hunting, farming, and trading societies of the First Nation.
• Canada’s reliance on natural resources from fur to timber to minerals to oil, and on export markets for these commodities, particularly the United States has underpinned much of the economy through the centuries and does so still in many regions today.
• The fur trade first created a single transcontinental trading economy; since Confederation in 1867, labor and finance have been moved freely among regions.
• In early economic Aboriginal people of central Canada lived by hunting and gathering; only among the Iroquoian groups (Huron, Iroquois, Petun, and Neutral) was agriculture established.
• Improvements in transportation the railways between 1867 and 1915, and the highway and pipeline systems after 1945 have helped.
• The province have become important markets and suppliers for one another, so that an investment boom in one region such as Prairie West could create a nationwide boom, while a slump in Ontario manufacturing becomes a nationwide slump.
• By the 1980s most Canadians had become city dwellers and majority of workers were in white-collar jobs, generally in the service-producing industries.

Aboriginals

• In 1860 British North America was made up of scattered colonies (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, new found land, Vancouver Island and British Columbia
• New data from the national house hold survey shows that 1.4 million people had an aboriginal identity in 2011
• The aboriginal population had increased by 20.1% between 2006 and 2011.

Ontario was where most of the aboriginals lived

• In British Columbia there was about 232,290 aboriginals.
• In Nunavut 27,360 people had an aboriginal identity.

First nations

• In 2011 The largest first nations population was in Ontario (201,100)
• The second largest group of first nations had lived in British Columbia (155,020)
• The third largest group of first nations have lived in Alberta (116,670)
• First nations represented the largest shares of the total populations in the North West territories followed by (Yukon, Manitoba and Saskatchewan.
• First nations who were not registered as Indians represented 25.1% of the total first nations population
• Nearly 6 in 10 first nations do not have a registered Indian status.
• The total population of unregistered Indians was about (14,505)
• In 2011 851,560 people were identified as first nations people representing 60% of the aboriginal population and 2.6% of the Canadian population.
• About 637,660 people were being reported as registered Indians representing 74.9% of the first nation’s population and 1.9% of the Canadian population.
• One quarter of first nations approximately about (213,900) were not registered Indians which is almost less than 1% of the Canadian population.

Bibliography

http://www.firstnations.de/indian_land.htm

http://firstpeoplesofcanada.com/fp_treaties/john_fp33_indianact.html

http://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/home/land-rights/aboriginal-rights.html

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/recu/hd_recu.htm

https://slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=european_colonization

https://www.britannica.com/place/British-Empire