Endocrine System

Compare & contrast an endocrine gland & it's hormone(s) adapted for influencing metabolism with a gland with hormones specialized for growth.

How do hormonal imbalances arise? Infer what would happen if a particular endocrine gland malfunctioned, by producing too much hormone, or not enough.

Course Learning Objectives &

Outcomes:

C. Describe the basic ways that materials move within & between cells.

E. Describe the various organ systems (i.e., endocrine) within the human body & explain their basic functions.

L. Identify the major endocrine glands, the primary hormones produced by each, & the function of those hormones.

i) the endocrine system

helps control many of the slow physiological processes in the body, such as growth, reproduction & metabolism

ii) what are the 8 main endocrine glands (nongonadal), where are they & what are the main functions of their hormones in relation to growth and metabolism?

Why is this objective important to know?

Our group activities stress one of the

primary causes of death in medical centers:

- Circulatory/Hypovolemic Shock -

Evaluate the role of endocrine glands in helping maintain homeostasis in the body.

Diagram an interaction between one endocrine gland & another, such as two glands with antagonistic hormones.

Vasomotion (2 parts) affects

peripheral resistance:

Vasoconstriction: narrowing of

blood vessels = increased peripheral

resistance

Vasodilation: widening of

blood vessels = decreased peripheral

resistance

Long term endocrine mechanisms

that regulate blood pressure by

altering blood volume indirectly

via the kidneys operate in a web

of synergistic & antagonistic

interactions:

Synergistic = work together

Antagonists have opposing actions

More Review Terms:

Tropic/releasing hormones: "permit"

other organs/tissue to release their

hormones

Negative Feedback Loops: accumulation

end product inhibits its own production

What are the sources, target tissues/organs,

& effects of these hormones?

Regulation of Blood Pressure Objectives:

- local/hormonal/neural mechanisms operate both short & long term

- the web of interactions between these

mechanisms & their effects on blood

pressure/volume

- what factors increase peripheral

resistance in blood vessels & what is the

effect on blood pressure ?

Endocrine System

Comparison of Terms:

- blood flow

- blood volume

- blood pressure

versus

resistance

}

Main Long Term Hormonal Blood Pressure Regulators

≠

Atrial

Natriuretic

Peptides (ANP)

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) Renin Angiotensins I/II

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Aldosterone

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

or Vasopressin

Erythropoietin (EPO)

& local

CV

Physiology

Angiotensin II

CV

Physiology

Stimulates

Kidney

Red Marrow hematocytoblasts

(blood cell stem cells)

= short term

Common e.g.: Orthostatic hypotension (i.e., standing up & sitting right back down!)

Neurocardiogenic syncope (i.e., fainting in the shower or hot tub!)

Retention of Na+ leads to

retention of H20 by osmosis

= increased blood volume

= increased blood pressure

Main Points

Posterior

en.widipedia.org

Nervous System

Endocrine System

Major Endocrine

Gland

Anatomy

& Physiology

pineal

Gland

/Suprarenal Glands

by Joel David Hutson

College of Lake County