Asthma

Asthma

Evaluation

Assessment

The Peak Flow Meter

After 3 hours of nursing interventions ,the patient was able to demonstrate behaviors to improve airway clearance

What causes asthma?

• Measures how fast patient breathes out
• PEF: peak expiratory flow.
• Used to help diagnose asthma, check response to treatment, or recognise when asthma is getting worse
• PEF needs to be measured regularly to be useful. Use same device (or ‘meter’) for consistency

Cause not really known, though clear links to both genetics (family history) and environment

- being exposed to tobacco smoke as a child,

- Emotional factors – such as stress or laughing.

Signs and symptoms of asthma

Treatment -medication

An inter professional case study

The typical symptoms of asthma include:

• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Chest tightness
• Coughing

Divided primarily into ‘relievers’, ‘preventers’ and ‘symptom controllers’.

Most asthma medicines are delivered by an inhaler device, although some are available in tablet or liquid form.

In hospitals, medication may be given by intravenous infusion

• Subjective :
• (none)
• Objective :
• Use of accessory Muscles
• Abnormal breath sound
• v/s taken as following :
• T: 37.3 C
• P:82 bpm
• RR : 25 bpm
• BP: 110/80

Our Objectives

Rational

At the end of this presentation students will be able to:

Give a definition of asthma

List some prevalence of asthma

Discuss what could cause asthma

Identify four triggers of asthma

Explain three asthma treatment strategies

nursing care plan for asthma

What is asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing

mmhg

• Some degree of bronchospasms present with obstructions in airway and may or may not be manifested in adventitious breath sounds.

• Elevation of the bed facilitates respiratory function by use of gravity

• Precipitators of allergic type of respiratory reactions that can trigger or exacerbate onset of acute episode

• Hydration helps decrease the viscosity of secretions,facilitating expectoration

• To reduce the viscosity of secretions.

nursing care plan

warning!!

Diagnosis

Simple changes to eliminate

the symptoms

Relievers

• Fast acting
• Bronchodilators e.g. Salbutamol, Ventolin

Ineffective airway clearance related to increased production of secretions

Fatal disease

• Re-consider pets in the home
• Replace carpets with hard floors
• Anti-allergenic bedding
• Regular vacuuming/steam cleaning of mattresses and household furniture
• Consider diet changes
• Review medication regularly

Preventers

• Make airway less sensitive
• Reduce redness and swelling, dry up mucus
• Take time to take full effect
• Most commonly inhaled corticosteroids e.g. Seretideor Symbicort

Intervention

Planning

What are some of the factors contributing to the development of asthma?

• Genetic factors
• Obesity
• Smoking mothers
• Air pollution
• Modern diets
• Exposure to allergens
• Exposure to tobacco smoke

• Auscultate breath sounds. Note adventitious breath sounds like wheezes, crackles

• Elevate head of the bed, have patient lean on over bed table or sit on edge of the bed.

• Keep environmental pollution to a minimum like dust, smoke and feather pillows

• Increased fluid intake to 3000 ml/ day. Provide warm or tepid liquids

• Administer bronchodilators as prescribed.

After 3 hours of nursing interventions, the patient will demonstrate behaviors to improve airway clearance

ANATOMY

Pathopysiology:

• The underlying pathology in asthma is reversible and diffuse airway inflammation.
• Narrowing the airway.
• Bronchial smooth muscle contraction.
• Increase in mucus production.

Symptom controllers

Long-acting relievers which relax airway muscles

Prescribed if patient already taking preventers and still have symptoms

Can make symptoms worse if taken on their own!

Diagnostic Test :

Route and Dosage

PO

2-4 mg 3-4 times a day or 4-8 mg of extended dose tablets twice a day.

Indications

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Classification:

Prevention and treatment of reversible bronchospasm associated with asthma and other obstructive pulmonary diseases; acute attacks of bronchospasm

Bronchodilator

• Nervousness
• Restlessness
• Tremor
• Headache
• Insomnia
• Chest pain

Generic Name: Albuterol

Brand Name: Salbutamol

Contraindications

Ventolin Dosage and Administration

Demographic Data

Hypersensitivity to albuterol or any of its components.

Administer Ventolin by oral inhalation only. Shake Ventolin well before each spray.

Generic Name: albuterol sulfate

Trade Name :Ventolin

Contraindications

Indications

• Hypersensitivity to adrenergic amines
• Hypersensitivity to fluorocarbons

• To control and prevent reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD)
• Quick relief for bronchospasm

Adverse Reactions

Class: Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator

Name : Khaled alqamdi

age : 18 y/o

sex : Male

social status : Single

Chief complaint :Bronchial asthma

Wt : 65 kg

Ht : 170 cm

• Tachycardia
• hypertension
• headache
• dizziness
• anxiety
• fatigue
• Nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhea