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Virtual Museum Of New France

Poor Hygiene

This was the main cause for the outbreak and transmittion of diseases. Hygiene was almost none existent due to the fact that pepole believed water was harmful because it opened pores and made the body more vulnerable. As an alternative to bathing, perfumes and toilet water were used as disinfectants and to cover bad odour. Another tactic to have a more cleanly appearance was to wear wigs.

Daily Life: Health & Medicine

By: Kristianne Klassen

Practioners

Scurvy

European exploration introduced new medical challenges. There was often consequences of long sea voyages. One of these was scurvey which was caused by being limited to eating salty food and little to no fresh meat or produce.

In Canada in the years between 1610 and 1788 there were:

  • 544 practitioners
  • 512 surgeons
  • 20 apothecaries (eight of them after the British Conquest)
  • 12 doctors (five that were Anglophones after the British Conquest).

The Practice of the medical practices was modelled after the French health system.

Nearly all health professionals were born in France and had studied there, since the colonies did not have medical training facilities or any trade corporations.

Midwife

  • Exclusive domain for women
  • Usually only 'medical' person at birthings
  • Self trained in the beginning (1650's)
  • Professionalized in the early 18th centery when it was recommended that midwifes be choosen by the parish

Surgeons

  • Represented at least 90% of the health professionals in New France
  • Needed to have an apprenticeship with master followed by interning at hospital
  • After 6 years, eligable to pass a masters exam
  • Responsible to treat of wounds and external ailments
  • regularly went out into country and to remote area

Apothecaries

  • Forerunner for pharmacaist
  • Three main functions:

-Prepare medications

-Preserve medications

-Distribute medications

  • Profession evolved in large part to hospitals.
  • With a medical prescroption from doctor or surgeon, apothecaries would hand out medications

Doctors

  • Top on professional hierarchy
  • Considered a man of science
  • Focused on 3 specific aspects:
  • Diagnoses
  • Prognosis
  • Prescription

Illness In New France

Epidemic Diseases

Voyage: 1535-1536

Jacques Cartier and crew got struck down with a serious illness in the winter of 1535. By February, only 10 out of 110 were healthy enough to help others; and more than 25 people died from the effects of scurvy.

  • European people and animals brought infectious diseases to America.
  • Disease strains that Native populations had never been exposed to included cholera, measles, smallpox, scarlet fever and many others
  • The impact of these diseases were catastrophic and it is estimated that 90% of Aboriginal populations died

Patient with smallpox

Medical Conceptions: Theory of Humors

This theory states that health depended on equilibrium of the four main humors:

1. Blood

2. Phlegm

3. Yellow Bile

4. Black Bile

It was believe there were links between the various humors, elements of natural, seasons, individual temperament and the out break of illness.

If the balances of the humors were upset, the illness would set in.

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