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Gavin Vasquez

B3

Ecology Project for Polar Bear

Taxonomy of the Polar Bear

The Polar Bear’s Taxonomy

Kingdom:

The Polar Bear’s Kingdom is the Animalia kingdom. The Animalia kingdom is named because its the animal kingdom. The Polar Bear is in the Animalia kingdom because its a animal and not a plant or any other type of thing.

Phylum:

The Polar Bear’s Phylum is the Chordate Phylum. The Chordate Phylum is named after animals who have a hollow dorsal nerve cord. Also Animals who've had a Tail for at least some period of their life cycles. The Polar Bear is in this category because it has a Hollow dorsal nerve cord and also it still has a short tail.

Class:

The Polar Bear’s Class is the Mammalia Class. The Mammalia Class is named after animals distinguished from reptiles and birds by the possession of hair. Or three middle ear bones, mammary glands. The Polar Bear’s are put in this class because they are mammals and they give birth to living babies and not in eggs.

Order:

The Polar Bear’s Order is the Carnivora Order. The Carnivora Order is named after animals who eat meat or eat other animals for food or energy. The Polar Bear is part of this Order because the Polar Bear eats fish, seals and any other types of animals.

Family:

The Polar Bear’s Family is the Ursidae Family. The Ursidae Family is categorised by doglike carnivore. The Polar Bear’s belong in this category because the bear is a doglike carnivore that live in the arctic.

Genus:

The Polar Bear’s Genus is the Ursus Genus. The Ursus Genus is the genus of bear’s because most all bear’s are categorised in the Ursus Genus. The Polar Bear is in this Genus because the Polar bear is an Arctic Bear.

Species:

The Polar Bear’s Species is the Ursus maritimus Species. The Ursus Maritimus Species is the Polar Bear species of Bears. The Polar Bear is in this species because its a Polar Bear and the species is the Polar Bear species of Bear.

Phylogenetic Tree of a Polar Bear

Polar Bear Research

Food Web for the Polar Bear

Caniformia

Oligocene 34 -24 MYA

Caniformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora. They typically have a snout and claws.

Procyonidae

Procyonidae's are a distance species that can be related to Bears. Its a distant species to bears because they share the same Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, and Suborder but not the family.

Bears

Bears are dog like carnivorous animals or caniforms

* Note Koala aren't Bears

Miocene 24 - 5 MYA

Ursidae

The Family of all of the bear's including Brown, Black, Polar, Sloth, Spectacled, and Panda Bears

Pliocene 5 - 2 MYA

The Polar Bear is a bear that lives in the arctic and that’s evolved from a brown bear. When Polar bear’s were still brown bears they were just a population of brown bears up in the arctic circle. But over time the polar bear has passed down adaptations and traits through generations. Currently the Polar bears lives in the arctic circle, the arctic circle is made up of a tundra of ice and a dessert of ice. In the Arctic circle there is little warmth. The average temperature in the arctic is from 30- to 60- or even higher or lower. The type of ecosystems that live with population in the Arctic is that the Polar bear lives with seals, gulls, Birds, Foxes, and other small animals. The species that live with the polar bears aren’t so much of predators but they are more prey such as the fish and the gulls.

The Predator/ Prey relationship between the animals and the polar bear is that the Polar bear is the top dog or the biggest animal up in the north. None of the other Predators that the Polar bear competes with for food are not over powering to kill the Polar bear alone. The other competitors that the Polar bear faces are the Arctic foxes and a seal. The only thing a seal fears in the arctic is a Polar Bear. The Polar bear is one of the biggest animals up in the arctic also. Some of the limiting factor of the Polar bear is if the Polar bear eats all its food the bear will have to try something new or something that they don't prefer. One of the limiting factor is if the temperature drops the polar bear would have to adapt or if the arctic would warm they would have to shed their hair. The biggest limiting factor is global warming because there isn't much of large ice deserts any more and there are archipelagos. Also if a Polar bear swims for a long time it would get tired and just pass out in the water and die. The Ice caps are melting and also the ocean is rising so there will be more ocean and less ice for the Polar bear to live.

Diversity of the Polar bear is good because if their is a Polar bear with less fur then a normal Polar Bear it over generations of reproducing would be set for the future if global warming gets worst. Diversity is Healthy for the environment to the population because it gives a Polar bear depending on what its certain trait that can help it in the future or not. In the region closest to canada would probably live longer than the Polar bears in the Arctic circle or on the ice sheets. I say that because over time global warming would melt the ice sheets making the Polar Bears stranded in ocean. In the future the Polar Bear may create over time are possibly get webbed feet and possibly gills. Also over time the Polar bears would maybe adapt to swimming under water and also may adapt to swimming in cold water for long periods without passing out. One thing thats good and bad about the future for Polar Bears. One of the Good things is that coming is that there will be new types of Polar bears that could help the Polar bears risk extinction and move away from the vulnerable category. Some bad things about the Polar Bear in the future is that the Polar bear is going to die from global warming and they will die from swimming to land even though their is no land to swim to.

Ursus Genus

The Ursus Genus includes the Polar, Brown, and Black Bear. The Difference between the Family and the Genus is that the Family has the Sloth and Panda Bear and those two animals have different scientific names than the Polar, Brown, and Black Bears.

Sloth Bear

Plestiocene 2 MYA - 11 Thousand Years ago

The Sloth bear ( Melursus ursinus ) are a evolved species of bear. They evolved from its ancestral brown bears during the Pleistocene Epoch The Sloth bear lives in India and are scattered between its mountains and its cities.

American Black Bear

Panda

Spectacled Bear

Brown Bear

Raccoon

The American Black Bear ( Ursus americanus ) is a medium sized Black bear that's Native to North America. The American Black Bear lives in North America including the United States and Canada.

Polar Bear

The Panda bear ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca )are bears that the chinese call dà xióng māo or big bear cat. Panda bears are black and white and live in South East Asia.

Spectacled Bear ( Tremarctos ornatus ) are last remaining short faced bears. One of its closest relatives are the Florida Spectacled which are extinct. The Spectacled Bear lives in South America but are scattered around its mountains.

The Raccoon ( Procyon lotor ) is spelled sometimes as racoon, and is also know as coon. A Raccoon is a medium-sized mammal that's Native to North America. The Raccoon lives in the United States, Canada, Mexico and Central America

The polar bear ( Ursus maritimus ) is are carnivorous bear whose native ranges lies within the Arctic Circle. The Polar bear is a sister species to the brown bear. Over time the polar bears evolved with adaptations to cold environments. The Polar bear made its home in the Arctic circle and in Northern Canda.

The Brown Bear ( Ursus arctos ) is one of the large carnivorous bear. The Brown bear is one of the most seen and most distributed across the globe. The Brown Bear's can be located in Northern America, Eastern Europe, Western Asia and in Northern Asia.

Sources

Taxonomy

"Intro To Taxonomy." http://www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us/avhsweb/thiel/bio/notes/taxonomy.html. Web. 15 Mar. 2015.

"Ursus maritimus." http://eol.org/pages/328580/hierarchy_entries/24968024/overview. Web. 15 Mar. 2015.

"Taxonomy." http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2007/kolinski_alis/classification.htm. Web. 16 Mar. 2015.

Phylogenetic Tree

"Carnivora." http://tolweb.org/Carnivora/15971. Web. 19 Mar. 2015.

"Phylogenetic systematics, a.k.a. evolutionary trees." http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/phylogenetics_01. Web. 19 Mar. 2015.

"One small fossil, one giant step for polar bear evolution." http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/100401_polarbears. Apr. 2010. Web. 19 Mar. 2015.

"Ursus maritimus." http://eol.org/pages/328580/overview. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.

Food Web

Jessica , Fries-Gaither. "THE ARCTIC OCEAN: WATER SURROUNDED BY LAND." http://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/polar-oceans/poles-apart-a-tale-of-two-oceans. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.

Reserch Paper

"Polar Bear." http://www.polarbearsinternational.org/about-polar-bears/essentials. Web. 22 Mar. 2015.

"Polar Bear." http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/polar-bear/. Web. 22 Mar. 2015.

"Arctic Circle." http://arcticcircle.org. Web. 22 Mar. 2015.

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