Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

Fig. 2.19

Photosynthesis

CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Making and breaking of chemical bonds

Sunlight powers the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to glucose and oxygen

  • Reactants – Starting molecules
  • Products – Final molecules

HYDROGEN BONDS

  • Formed when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to

one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom

  • Example: Water (H2O)

IONIC BONDS

Ion – A charged atom /molecule

  • Cation – positively charged
  • Anion – negatively charged

Ionic bond – Attraction between anion and cation

Ionic compounds (Salts) – Compounds formed by ionic bonds. Example: Sodium chloride

COVALENT BONDS

Chapter 2

The Chemical Context of Life

Covalent bond – Sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms

  • Non polar – atoms share electron equally
  • Polar – atoms don’t share electron equally

Electronegativity – Atom’s attraction for electrons in a covalent bond

BONDS

  • COVALENT

  • IONIC

  • HYDROGEN

96%

Carbon, hydrogen,

oxygen, and nitrogen

NATURAL

(92)

4%

Element

Calcium, phosphorus,

potassium, and sulfur

A substance that cannot be

broken down to other substances

by chemical reactions

TRACE

(needed in tiny amounts)

Compound

  • Atomic number - Number of protons in an element’s nucleus

  • Atomic mass - Sum of protons plus neutrons in element’s nucleus

  • Isotopes - Different atomic forms of same element that differ in number of neutrons

A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

  • Valence electrons - Electrons in outermost (valence) shell

  • Elements with full valence shell are chemically inert

  • Atoms with incomplete valence shells can

share or transfer valence electrons with other atoms

Fig. 2.3

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

ATOM

  • Neutrons (no electrical charge) - atomic nucleus

  • Protons (positive charge) - atomic nucleus

  • Electrons (negative charge) - form a cloud around nucleus
  • Smallest unit of matter retaining properties

of an element

  • Unique to each element

  • Made of subatomic particles
Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi