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Movement

Weapon Development

Weapons

http://www.historyonthenet.com/ww1/weapons.htm

Inventions that come from World War 1

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26935867

The Home Front

Great Britain

United States

Conscientious Objectors

Read short article about Conscientious objectors in the UK and note the following in your exercise book:

1. What conditions permitted a person to object to participation in the war?

2. What was the "Bachelor's Bill"?

3. What document did the No-Conscription Fellowship create?

Rationing in World War I

-People initially celebrated Britain's entrance in the war; although they believed it would be over by Christmas 1914.

-the nation asked for 100,000 volunteers and 750,000 signed up in the fist month. (History learning site, 2005)

-the Home Front saw massive changes in the role of women, rationing, conscientious objectors and strikes by workers.

-the war led to inflation, food prices increased in part because of U-boat campaigns by the Germans.

-Britain was also attacked for the first time by Zeppelin raids and Naval air strikes.

-Civilians were targeted

-As a result The Royal Naval Air Service flew night patrols to protect the city.

-Most of the Home Front efforts were organized by Defense of the Realm Act (DORA)

-Rationing was initiated at the end of World War I, initially to respond to an effective U-Boat campaign by the Germans. (February 1918)

- Food shortage did not become a problem until 1917, when unrestricted submarine warfare was started by Germany.

-Coal was at all time lows by October 1916 and it was rationed by the number of rooms a family had.

-The restrictions imposed by DORA did not work, so the government attempted limit consumption for the realm, and the Royal family set the standard that all should follow.

-Any space that could grow was turned into a garden.

-Most men who used to farm were in the war, so the "Women's Land Army" stepped up.

-By 1918 rationing cards were issued to every family, who had to register with butchers, and grocers and could not exceed their allotments.

-Although malnutrition was a problem for many poorer communities, by the end of the war rationing had managed to stave the problem.

Nature/Practice of World War 1: Weapons, Movement,Theaters and The Home Front

  • Large Armies
  • Higher causalities
  • Entire population was involved in war effort
  • The state control of people and resources was high.
  • Weapons were more destructive and included: gas, flame throwers, aircraft, artillery, machine guns, tanks, submarines, and battleships.

Features And Progress on The Fronts

The Western Front

The Eastern Front

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/western_front/index_embed.shtml

The combined factors of the industrial revolution, growth of science and technology, larger populations, revolutions in transportation (especially railways), the growth of mass communication and nationalism were all factors that transformed warfare in the 20th century. (Wells, 2011)

1st period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1QUGDJ--14eOg0Yp5VUfxo-4RzlbT37DSIUF0wjExOqA/edit?usp=sharing

  • Defense was easier than attack (artillery, machine guns and rapid fire magazines were devastating against attacking armies)
  • barbed wire and light railway also slowed advances from both sides.
  • Large armies and heavy artillery was concentrated in relatively small areas of land.
  • To win a force had to break through a trench line, destroy enemy army and prevent a re-establishment of trench.
  • After breakthrough, Calvary/traditional warfare was considered essential to secure victory.

2nd Period:

1918 on the Western Front

5th period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Ah7Crfy8idpFXK9TbWSFuulJjgrYZJ8QnEu4GkLbIAo/edit?usp=sharing

Amiens A Turning Point on the Western Front 1918

  • The German advance which broke through 3 areas of trench line, slowed because of a lack of rail lines to resupply the advancing troops.
  • Therefore a co-ordinated well supplied American British troop launched counterattacks against the Germans.
  • The allied forces combined airstrikes with tanks, infantry and sophisticated artillery to eventually defeat the Germans in August 1918.

You will now be placed in 7 different groups with the responsibility of describing the following for your assigned Front in World War I:

1. Location of the Front

2. Key features of fighting in this region

3. Nationalities of those fighting

4. Types of weaponry

5. Key events along this front line

6.Unique or interesting facts about battles on this front.

Your group will need to create a Prezi and share the information on this front with me so that I can include it in the larger Prezi.

Use the following link to get started:

-http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/index.htm

The Battle of the Somme, July 1916

  • http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/battle-of-the-somme
  • Early 1918 Germany had transferred large forces to the West, though millions were still held in the East, occupying large areas of former Russian territory.
  • Britiain had a small victory in the middle east and had to divert its forces to deal with the Italian line.
  • France's forces were divided with mutiny and consequently Germany was able to push back the line in 1918 further into French territory.

Despite the commitment of the Allied forces to "breakthrough" during the battle of the Somme it was not any more successful than previous attempts for the following reasons:

1916 Western Front

A not-so-breakthrough

  • Bombardments failed to destroy "deep-in-defensive lines."
  • No surprise
  • The transition between bombardment and advancement was too long. Germans mobilized machine guns quickly.
  • inexperienced troops remained and were easy targets for the defense.
  • The rush was hard given the heavy bombed "no Man's land."
  • No effective radio communication between commanders and forces, once they left the trench co-ordination was virtually impossible.
  • The British moved to far from starting point and replenishment proved impossible.
  • Later in the war people found that breakthrough victories occurred in smaller more flexible groups.
  • Although it was a 'world war' the fighting occurred mostly on the Western front (English Channel to the Swiss Frontier), and the Eastern Front (Baltic Sea to the Black sea)
  • The war was characterized by opening moves of intense activity and deployment of millions of men.
  • Beyond the main two fronts of the war there were also some fluid campaigns in the Balkans, Africa, The Middle East and Italy.
  • A key feature of the war was that of attrition:
  • Wear down enemies men and resources
  • Other features included:
  • blockades and attacks on supply ships were important.
  • air power was limited, but developed during the course of the war.
  • The war led to development of weaponry on a new scale. (artillery was larger and more precise, submarines, tanks)
  • Germans decide to concentrate on the Western Front. (Fortified area of Verdun)
  • They attacked this historic military area not to breakthrough but to "bleed France White"-best example of war of attrition during the Great War.
  • Germans had unexpected victory at fort Douaumont and Fort Vaux. This led to nearly a year of attack and counter attack. Each side lost an equivalent amount of troops.
  • The British ease the pressure by attacking at the Somme.

By the End of 1916 What was the score?

  • The war relied on public support, which came from factory workers, propaganda, conscription and rationing.
  • Resistance occurred in Belgium and Northern France
  • Overall resistance and guerrilla warfare were not a major factor during WWI.
  • The war resulted in significant revolutions:
  • two in Russia (February and October 1917)
  • attempted revolution in Hungary and Germany
  • The growth of communist and nationalist movements in China.

6th period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1YJg_rzhigo2mizgBvcS0vzA9SuEs7rCujwZozYVxoaA/edit?usp=sharing

Not much had been gained compared to the heavy loss of life in two years.

1917?

Indians on the Western Front Article by Dr. David Omissi.

The collapse of Russia

  • Disappointment of the campaign of 1916 the shortages caused by poor management and demonstrations in Petrograd (St. Petersburg renamed) brought about a crisis in February 1917.
  • Tsar Nicholas II was away and loss control of the state, the soldiers refused to fire on the crowd and the Tsar abdicated.
  • Germany took advantage of this and encouraged political unrest.
  • The Russian Front virtually collapsed.
  • Although they did not fully pull out of the war until a second revolution was brought about by the Marxist Lenin in October 1917 in March 1918.
  • The Russian collapse put considerable pressure on France and Britain to increase their war effort .
  • Germany stepped up submarine campaigns to attack the British Supply lines.
  • In order to guarantee that this merchant blockade would be effective they would have to attack all ships including American ships.
  • This was seen as a provocation against the USA after they issued a warning when the Lusitania was sunk in 1915.
  • This combined with intelligence about a collaboration with Mexico to "invade" the united states in the "Zimmerman telegraph" inspired America to Join the War in April 1917.

The Italian Front

The Palestine Front

Gallipoli Front

1st Period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Avq3vudcIUEktFeRESZxCuuP8bw8Xs7pCzvL21_u5Kg/edit?usp=sharing

2nd Period: https:

//docs.google.com/presentation/d/1x2FN3d82-70c9xLbSKWeehq_HN6qQR-xi-Ln1rF-SlU/edit?usp=sharing

1st period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1zLqcZcb3-yvthGifpRAjUqAy7ihfEE1b1pKSwI4_o-4/edit?usp=sharing

1st Period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/11ODl2x_EY0Z9t5WHuzIBb2-soDKQc982zl3jzwZWJYM/edit?usp=sharing

2nd Period

5th Period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1PEATOvC6HPl4X_bZG-TarcJ4AWCSWeqGvFOTCtA37e8/edit?usp=sharing

2nd period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1dyRH9iqzFsoT0ycRV93-ROzWCOxj1Hk5QLxGSTyMozM/edit?usp=sharing

5th period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1fjhaEBBzdk3O-FxTbcvPLbRncOaImlf2EN70eOQPHA4/edit?usp=sharing

6th period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/13lCIo1nCT6n2gZRKI7mst67FteNNWOkQ4yTQCGRm3Jg/edit?usp=sharing

5th period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1HU-Ed2WGOmflu2okH6nGSo2lWpJ1qRvVjygjT35P7eY/edit?usp=sharing

6th Period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1UBjcy3il8MMC_Gksaz6cXaKtC_uz1AkycEt45_pVlvo/edit?usp=sharing

6th period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1lFUqXTgpgjwmS88JL-7kjuXgdpthuPALKoWMD0VPNHY/edit?usp=sharing

The Mesopotamian Front

The African Front/wars

The Far East

Period 2:

1st Period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1P8AVCJ4eJfk-8HsWgen6jWzuhIDqXP-ce6Xbuokcpss/edit?usp=sharing

2nd Period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1UlsXcCLN0haOrpO2oERjH5NIpGTg-bmveCreq8Y3rdM/edit?usp=sharing

5th period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1q_a0BSq68un54_f7ooHHYAUgEdjCTWWHSrWiJIlBT7M/edit?usp=sharing

Period 1: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1viC-wjYXGchL5AEqikOCCEpxTje2fWnAtx0RCWwYGY8/edit?usp=sharing

5th Period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1tadBnm6MyJ6IDG4Yf6rmDMTuQ6c-2-gg4nAdj2LUp1k/edit?usp=sharing

Period 1:

6th period: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/15_Gb2MDNLiW78LzXWM-oKxDEq9Eo2lYVNuYPB8BBN9Y/edit?usp=sharing

Period 5:

Period 2: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/13lCIo1nCT6n2gZRKI7mst67FteNNWOkQ4yTQCGRm3Jg/edit?usp=sharing

Period 6:

The home front:

Period 1:

Period 2: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1qLYj7kKAa_iybPXdSIdu01B73iE3Ojk6CWydX8g3CFc/edit?usp=sharing

Period 5: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1YtCdpQPvQfuvRjp1utcbLC0TiOTHqK2bKCIAXC6nqIo/edit?usp=sharing

Period 6

Movement

  • The Schlieffen Plan
  • antiquated idea that decisive victories would be won by taking key cities.
  • underestimated how effective advanced weapons were at stopping moving armies.

The War of Movement

  • German plan to advance into Paris grinds to a halt at the Somme.
  • Russia invades Eastern Germany but unable to advance to Berlin.
  • Austrian advances into Serbia was not as successful as first imagined.
  • When movement does not go as planned; what do you do?

Movement on the Western Front

  • each side attempted to outflank the other.
  • A race for the sea began.
  • http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/western_front/index_embed.shtml

  • Once the race for an advantageous position by each side came to an end, each side began developing a sophisticated trench system. The rapid movement campaign ended on the western front in November 1914.

Momentum on the Eastern Front

  • Germany employed traditional warfare strategies.
  • Germany was able to push the Russian forces back at the battle of Tannenberg. (25th-28th August 1914)- 95,000 Russian prisoners taken and 30,000 killed.
  • German commanders Hindenburg and Ludendorff became famous.

The Home Front

Theaters of War

Nature and Practices Of the Great War

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