VERBALS- Olivia H, Lia R, Molly R

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Participle

Multi-Part Verbs

Sentence: My Grandpa has been dancing in our house ever since he moved in.

‘has’= verb

‘been’ = past participle

‘dancing = present participle.

Examples of Participles

Ex 1: Present Regular: giggling

Adjectives

• A Participle is a form of a verb but is NOT a verb

Past and present participles often function

as adjectives that describe nouns

Ex 2: Past Regular: giggled

Ex: The dancing girl glided on the amazing dance floor.

Which girl? The participle describes the ‘dancing’ girl.

Which dance floor? The participle describes the ‘amazing’ dance floor.

Ex 3: Present Irregular: bringing

Ex 4: Past Irregular: brought.

Ex 5: Simple Present: bring(s)

Simple Present participles show that not all present participles end in -ing

• Participles are adjectives, and when they function as a noun they are known as GERUNDS

• Participles end in: -ing, -ed, -en

• A participle can be Past or Present and can be regular or irregular,

• Every Time there is a present participle it ends in -ing (excluding simple present participles)

• The past participles end in -ed (regular verb)

Infinitive Definition:

Infinitives

• Participles have three functions in sentences, multi-part verbs, adjectives or nouns.

An infinitive is a simple or basic FORM of a verb. It names an action without clarifying the subject

• Multi-Part Verbs are verbs that have two parts a verb and a participle

• An infinitive almost always starts with to, except when it follows certain verbs like: feel, hear, help, let, make, see, and watch
• You can’t add s, es, ed, or ing as the suffix.
• Infinitives are nouns, adjectives, and adverbs, they are never verbs.
• An infinitive is not a whole sentence
• Infinitives can be both a subject and an object in a sentence

Types of Infinitives

A.) Infinitives WITH to

B.) Infinitives WITHOUT to

Examples Without To

1.) When Olivia felt the sweat pour on her face, she knew she was nervous before the competition.

Felt = special verb; sweat = direct object; pour = infinitive minus the to.

2.) When Lia heard her phone buzz, she knew she had to go to dance.

Heard = special verb; phone = direct object; buzz = infinitive minus the to.

Examples With To

1.) Olivia brought a book to read because she knew she would be bored before dance class.

To read functions as an adjective because it modifies a book.

2.) To dance is all Lia wanted to do on Sunday.

To dance functions as a noun because it is the subject of the sentence.

Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives

By,

Olivia Hampe

Lia Raynowska

Molly Roth

Period 2

Gerund

Examples of Gerunds

Helpful Definitions

Subject: The main idea in the sentence. It's what the sentence is about.

Subject Complement: A subject complement is the adjective, noun, or pronoun that follows a verb.

Direct Object: A noun, pronoun, or noun phase that receives the direct action of a verb.

Indirect Object: precedes the direct object and tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done and who is receiving the direct object. It is describing the direct object.

Objects of Preposition: A noun, noun phase, or pronoun that follows a preposition and completes its meaning, it is more detail.)

• All gerunds end in -ing.
• Sometimes gerunds are hard to identify because present participles also end in -ing.
• You can tell the difference between them because when we use a verb in -ing form like a noun, it is usually a gerund.
• They form from verbs but are used as nouns.
• When we use a verb in -ing form more like a verb or adjective, it is usually a present participle.
• Gerunds are subjects, subject complements, direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions.

• Dancing has been his passion. Dancing: subject of verb, has been.
• His first love is dancing. Dancing: subject of verb, is.
• He enjoys dancing. Dancing: subject of verb, enjoys.
• He gives up all his spare time for dancing. Dancing: subject of verb. gives.

Verbals

Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives