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Contributing Factors

- Routine failure to brief simulated DTE scenarios

- Organizational neglect of Enlisted Combat Operators

- Lack of operationally-focused training for point defense weapons system

- Equipment onboard but not installed (LLLTV)

In your opinion, have things changed?

Direct/Indirect Causes

- The late decision of CDCO to simulate a NSSMS engagement

- Failure to brief TAS operator

- Lack of understanding of "Arm and Tune" and its significance

- Failure of TAS to questions SWC or TAO

- Failure to man TAS console during COND III

- Lack of standard phraseology and checklists for NSSMS firing sequence

The SARATOGA Incident

References

- Court of Inquiry Into The Circumstances Surrounding The USS SARATOGA (CV 60) Seasparrow Firing on TCG MAUVENET (DM 357) on 2 October 1992 dtd 18 November 1992

- US Circuit Court of Appeals No. 96-2167 AKTEPE v. USA dtd 20 February 1997

- Accidental Firing of a Missile into the Turkish Ship TCG

MAUVENET, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session, October 5, 1992, Volume 4 ISBN 0-016-039776-6

Overview

Scene Setter

- Ships participating in EXERCISE DISPLAY DETERMINATION 92

- Ships repositioning for commencement of third phase of exercise (Enhanced Tactical Phase), including opposed transit of BROWN forces

* No plans to use NSSMS for engagement

- SARATOGA part of GREEN forces

- TCG MAUVENET part of BROWN forces

- Real world WHITE/SAFE

- Exercise RED/TIGHT

02 October 1992

What about weapons posture?

“…a series of independent actions and events…where SARATOGA

officers in the ship’s CDC were conducting a simulated surface

Seasparrow exercise…while the FC personnel in the NSSMS and TAS

in CDC were under the mistaken belief that it was an actual real-life engagement.”

“For fifteen minutes, both groups interacted and conducted a

methodical NSSMS launch sequence with neither group aware of the

other’s understanding of the engagement or, more importantly, each

other’s intentions.”

“The CDCO, TAO, and SWC intended only to conduct a simulated

attack…and verifying each step for the launch of a NSSMS salvo.”

Results

- CO receives Letter of Reprimand

- The following receive Admiral's NJP:

* CDCO

* OPSO

* TAO

* SWC

* FC1 A

* FC1 B

* FC3 T1

- USN leases ex-USS CAPODANNO to Turkey, which renames TCG MAUVENET

Sequence of Events (T + 20)

2340: FC1 A wakes TAS FC personnel sleeping in berthing (FC3 T1 and FC2 T1)

2345: SWC calls down to aft NSSMS and directs acquisition of surface contacts with local search mode. Acquisition unsuccessful.

2345: BROWN commander releases FLASH message assigning BROWN force ASUW tactical responsibilities. SARATOGA isn't included as INFO or ACTION addee.

Sequence of Events (T + 40)

Sequence of Events

What are your concerns at this point?

ss

0000: CDCO reports on TG CMD to NS that SARATOGA had "Birds Affirm, Birds Away, Salvo Size 2" on three GREEN force tracks

0002: TAO to TAS to FOC request how long before ready? FOC answers "45 seconds"

0003: TAO orders take track with two missiles

* CO neither on bridge nor in CDC; Batteries Release not requested

0003+: FOC says Birds Affirm

0004: TAS tells FOC "Free to Take"

Sequence of Events (T + 39)

Sequence of Events (T + 35)

2350: TAS manned by FC3 T1

* Initially no headset on station

* Console in training mode to silence recurring buzzer received from high-speed

aircraft in normal mode

2352: TAS sends track to Firing Officer Console (FOC) in aft port NSSMS (FC3 A1)

2354: TAS directs aft mount to "Arm & Tune" missiles. When asked by FOC if "this is the real thing", replied "this is real world."

2355-0000: FC3 A2 proceeds to launcher, putting eight Arm/Inhibit switches to ARM and both Safe/Operate plugs to OPERATE

0000: FOC starts process of assigning missiles (tuning).

What are yours concerns at this point?

TAO: ''What do you mean, 'birds away'?''

TAS: ''I thought you said this is real world.''

TAO: ''I never said this was real world! It's an exercise. It's all an exercise.''

TAS: "I thought you said this was real world...I thought this was real world."

0004: TAS releases Hold Fire button

0004: FOC assigns launcher to Director B , depresses Firing Authorized pushbutton, selects two missile salvo, and states "I'm prepared to fire." On TAS acknowledgement, pushes fire button.

0004:41: First missile fired

0004:43: Second missile fired

0004:58" First missile impact

0005: Second missile impact

0005+: CDC fully realizes missiles fired.

Actual Footage

Sequence of Events (T + 12)

- 5 crewmembers killed, including CO

- 14 crewmembers injured

- Extensive damage to superstructure,

fire, and water damage

2030: TAO calls OEM office; reaches FC1 A and tells to get NSSMS/TAS on station

2030: New SWC (LT) assumes the watch

* No passdown that SARATOGA would use NSSMS

2332: FC1 A calls FC1 B to wake up aft NSSMS operators

2335: FC1 B wakes up aft NSSMS operators (FC3 A1 and FC3 A2) in mount

2337: TAO calls FC1 A to check status of FC wakeups

* Urging him to hurry or he's going to announce "Air Defense Stations" over 1MC

What are your concerns at this point?

2030-2345: BROWN Force commander planning begins for the Enhanced Tactical Phase of EXERCISE DISPLAY DETERMINATION, working closely with SARATOGA ASUW Module.

2325: CDCO unilaterally decides to man NSSMS stations for simulated surface engagement against GREEN targets. CO not informed or aware.

* NSSMS operators previously told to stand-down after 50-hour exercise

Sequence of Events (T+0)

What are your concerns at this point?

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