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Aristotle: The Father of Biology

by: Simi Kalayilparampil

Biology

Mrs. Sharif

Pd. 1-2B

5/30/15

Interest in Aristotle

  • Who is the father of biology?
  • Better understanding of the history of biology
  • How taxonomy/classification and zoology came to be
  • How much Aristotle impacted biology
  • Why his contributions are so significant

Background Information

  • Born in Greek village of Stagira on northern Aeagean coast in 384 B.C.
  • Father was a physician to King Amyntas of Macedon
  • Studied at Plato's academy for 20 years in Athens since the age of 17
  • 342 B.C., he taught Philip II's son, who is later known in history as "Alexander the Great"
  • Established a school in Lyceum, Greece
  • Died in 322 B.C. after leaving Athens and fleeing to Chalcis

Classification

  • Classified organisms according to their scala naturae ("scale of nature")
  • makes connections between animals
  • blooded vs. non-blooded animals (similar to invertebrates vs. vertebrates)
  • basis for modern classification system of taxonomy

Classification (cont'd)

  • Introduced binomial definition, which is classifying organisms according to their genus and species
  • Proposed Ladder of Life (hierarchy where organims were grouped according to function and complexity)
  • Example: animals who give birth would be higher up the ladder, while plants would be towards the bottom

Importance to Biology

  • Classification/Taxonomy helps to identify species, understand biodiversity, and for conservation and sustainable use
  • Phylogenetic trees and cladograms show evolutionary relationships between organisms
  • Zoology shows the physiology, structure, classification, and distribution of animals, gives us a broader view of how life works 'and how to maintain it

Works Cited

  • http://www.biography.com/people/aristotle-9188415#teaching
  • http://www.iep.utm.edu/aris-bio/#H2
  • http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-biology/#LifWor
  • http://atbi.eu/summerschool/files/summerschool/Manktelow_Syllabus.pdf
  • https://explorable.com/aristotles-zoology
  • http://www.cpbr.gov.au/cpbr/program/ha/ha-national-taxon-hub.html
  • http://www.brightsurf.com/news/headlines/102703/New_research_explores_scent_communication_in_polar_bears.html

Zoology (cont'd)

Current Developments/Research

  • In History of Animals, compared and contrasted organs and specific functions of animals
  • Found function of organs differ depending on whether the animal lives on land, water, or primarily flies in the air
  • Further distinction between behaviors of animals, some ate meat, some fruit, others ate both
  • Taxonomy Research & Information Network (TRIN) in Australia
  • Vertebrate Zoology Research (ongoing research, part of American Museum of Natural History)
  • Robert S. Voss Research Group (evolution of marsupials and systematics/biogeography of other Neotropical mammals)
  • Nancy B. Simmons Research Group (systematics/evolutionary biology of bats)

Zoology

  • Utilization of the empirical method (using observation) and proto-scientific method
  • Dissection of many animals, conclusions written in books such as The Parts of Animals
  • Theory of Epigenesis (organs develop in a specific order) based on dissecting bird eggs
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