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1) Cultural Differences
Rasheed, J. M., Rasheed, M. N., & Marley, J. A. (2011). Family therapy: Models and techniques. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
Chang, P. (1996). The application of the satir model of family therapy to the families in Hong Kong: A personal reflection. Contemporary Family Therapy.,18(4), 489-505.
Shaff, D. R. (1996). Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence. (4th ed.). USA: Brooks/Cole.
Murdock, N. (2009). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy (2nd ed,). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.
Harter, S. (1982). The perceived competence scale f
or children. Child Development, 53, 87-97.
2) Biological Influences
- The process approach
- Internal intervention
- Freeing the self
- Modify restrictive rules
- Invite father to experience
- By seeing, feeling & commenting
3) External Influences
-Challenging dysfunctional behaviors
- Refuse to give response to teachers
-Challenging interpretations
- Interpret Father's loudly voice as anger, other possibilities?
-Changing dialogues
- Reduce blaming dialogue
- Imagery rehearsal: Reinforce new behavior
- Close eyes
- Image future situation
- Reinforcing: Positively reinforce the change
- words
- touch
- facial expression
- voice tone
- Anchoring: Underscoring significant change
- perceptions
- feelings
- beliefs or behaviors (e.g. sharing the
difference before and after)
-Guiding
-Direct client to share thoughts
-Modeling congruent communication
-Teach client to express feelings
-Defusing blaming
-Ask the behaviors and process
-Differentiating
-Help let go of unrealistic expectation
Basic information about the client
Promoting Acceptance
-Contracting
-Questions to get client involved and willing to change
-Normalizing
-Enhance client's self-esteem
-Reframing
-Turn negative thoughts to positive ones
Client's family background
Client's Family Background
- Family members:
- Father
- 43, Chef
- Mother
- 42, Worker in construction company
- Elder sister
- Same school with the client
- Live together in a suite in Mongkok
enhance
self-esteem
Communication
- significant influenced by past generation
Three Phases
Beginning phase
Middle Phase
End Phase
- Modify unrealistic expectations
- Challenge unrealistic / inappropriate expectations
- Be the top student in class
- Modify: Academic improvement
Praise more
- Better relationship with
- mother & elder sister
- Bad relationship with
- father
- Dominant in the whole family
- Always blame / punish
- Bad attitude
- High expectation on his both children
- Be the top student
- Restrictive rules
- Must finish homework before dinner
Family relationship with the client
low
self-esteem
unhealthy, destructive communication
Internal intervention
External intervention
- influence on present family's attitude, behaviour, structure, hierarchy and power
Teaching new behaviors
- Ask an irrelevant person
- share his / her observations
regarding this family interaction
Apply concepts of Satir model
Unaware of children's developmental needs
unrealistic expectation
Dysfunction
Father has unrealistic expectation toward children
- The client was the 3rd top student in class
- Elder sister was the 5th top one in class
However...
Father: not satisfied
They must be the most excellent one in class
Making contact:
- Relationship building
- Attending observation
- Reaching out
Play with the client
- Be relaxed
- Have fun during session
- Explore the session
Validating:
- Reflecting and clarifying family members’ feeling and thinking
- Translating surface message into underlying message
Facilitating awareness and engendering hope
Family sculpting
- Members are asked to act out the sculptor
- explore thoughts, emotions and physical reaction
Shifting content to process
- how to communicate rather than what
Circular question and educate the whole family
- How the father affect others
Explore feelings, feeling about feelings,
perception, meaning, projection
In the process......
The worker demonstrate congruence manner to engender hope
- Appreciate their awareness
- The family relationship will be better
- The father can identify his behaviors toward others
1. Improve the relationship b/w client & father
2. Improve emotional management skills of client's father
3. Improve interpersonal skills of client
Have positive interaction with each other everyday
Express feelings to father sincerely
Express opinions to client without blaming
Attend emotional management course
Respond to teachers at least one time per day
Take initiative to talk/express feelings to teacher