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Author not credited. “Elizabethan Food.” Queen Elizabeth 1, Elizabethi.org, www.elizabethi.org/contents/food/.
Author not credited. “Food in Elizabethan England.” The British Library, The British Library, 17 Feb. 2016, www.bl.uk/shakespeare/articles/food-in-elizabethan-england.
"Daily Life in the Elizabethan Era." Elizabethan World Reference Library, edited by Sonia G. Benson and Jennifer York Stock, vol. 1: Almanac, UXL, 2007, pp. 181-194. World History in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2587000021/WHIC?u=la99595&xid=3d77ce01. Accessed 4 Dec. 2017.
Images
First dinner table - https://recipereminiscing.wordpress.com/2015/02/19/what-did-elizabethan-england-eat-drink/
Second dinner table - https://toriavey.com/toris-kitchen/what-the-tudors-ate-part-1-2/
Vegetables - http://www.carrotmuseum.co.uk/history3.html
The poor ate heavy breads like rye and barley with butter or cheese. They also ate lots of eggs and pottage, which is vegetable soup thickened with oats. Contrarily, the rich ate white bread and had a much wider diet. Beans, lentils and peas were quite popular as were nuts, such as hazelnuts and walnuts.
Due to the era, food rotted quickly. As a result, spices were heavily used in cooking to disguise food that was beginning to rot. Sugar was extremely expensive, so honey was the most common sweetener.
Water was unsafe to drink, so everyone, including children, drank weak ale. Rich folk also commonly drank wine. Milk (cow and sheep) was occasionally drunk, but more commonly saved for cheese, butter and cream.
Elizabethans ate three main meals a day. Breakfast was eaten between six and seven, lunch at noon and supper between five and eight. In terms of cutlery, only small knives, that were carried around, and spoons were used.
Queen Elizabeth I declared Wednesday's, Friday's and Saturday's as fish days. On these days both rich and poor were forced to only eat fish. If one was found disobeying this law, there was a heavy, three month penalty in jail.
The majority of the population ate many vegetables including turnips, parsnips, carrots, lettuce, cucumbers cabbage, onions, leeks, spinach, radishes, garlic and skirret.
Fruits were not as common, only apples, pears, plums, cherries, lemons, raspberries, blackberries, melons and strawberries were eaten. Normally they were baked or boiled or served in tarts and pies. Fruits like pomegranates, oranges and peaches were only eaten by rich people.
Meat was preserved in salt as it was pre-refrigeration days.
The Rich
They ate a wide variety of meat such as beef, pork, lamb, mutton, bacon, veal, deer and fancy fowls like peacock, swan and goose. They also ate lots of fish, both freshwater and sea fish. Some of these include salmon, trout, eel, pike and shellfish like crabs, lobsters, oysters, cockles and mussels.
The Poor
Most of this population could not afford red meat son instead, they ate chicken, rabbit, hare and birds like blackbirds and pigeons.