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Plant P, Owen J, Elliott M (2000). A multicentre randomised controlled trial of the early use of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet 355:1931–1935, .
BROCHARD, L. (2000). Non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of COPD: a new standard of care. Thorax, 55(10), pp.817-818.
%
Sa02=
RR=
Type 2 respiratory
failure
Hypercapnia
Mild - moderate
respiratory Acidosis
Mydin, H., Murphy, S. and Antunes, G. (2011). Acidosis, non-invasive ventilation and mortality in hospitalised COPD exacerbations. Thorax, 67(1), pp.82-82.
Babu, K. (2003). Non-invasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMJ, 326(7382), pp.177-178.
Sarinc Ulasli, S. and Esquinas, A. (2016). Walking with Only Non-Invasive Ventilation in Stable Hypercapnic COPD Patients: Sufficient or Not?. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, pp.1-2.
BiPAP
CPAP
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure
Expiratory positive airway pressure
or PEEP
Inspiratory positive airway pressure
cmH20
Pressure support =
7cmH20
IPAP 12
=PS
5
EPAP
Spontaneous breathing
Commenced as early as possible
Intensive Care Unit
mask fitted appropriately
titrate IPAP, EPAP and FiO2
Patient education and reassurance