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Essentialism:

Aristotle

They aim to instill students with the "essential" of academic knowledge, patriotism, and character development.

This traditional approach is meant to train the mind, promote reasoning, and ensure a common culture among all Americans. American Educator, William Bagley, popularized the term "Essentialism" in the 30's.

Studied under Plato.

Known mostly for this ethical and political theories. Entered Plato’s Academy at 18yrs & stayed for 20 yrs.

Tutored Alexander the Great

Returned to eventually build his own school Lyceum (coincidently adjacent to Plato’s Academy)

Wrote influential works on subjects like biology, math, astronomy, psychology, physics, biology and literary criticism.

Places more importance on the physical world, rather than the spiritual like Plato.

Promoted the Golden Mean - the idea that virtue lies in the middle between two extremes. Ex: courage is in the middle of cowarddice and foolhardiness

**The Three Legendary Figures of Classical Western Philosophy were Greek Philosophers who laid the foundation for most of Western philosophy**

5 Philosophies of Education...

Plato

Socrates Method

-Studied Socrates

-Known for his depth, clarity, and beauty

-Famous for his dialogues that critique different philosophical viewpoints Including those dialogues of Socrates who questioned and challenged others all while presenting his own Left Athens after the death of Socrates, but later returned and founded the Academy, known to some as the world’s first university

Social Reconstructionism:

Socratic method promoted the intellectual insights of this students while also challenging both traditional and conventional ideas.

Eventually charged with corrupting the youth of Athens (due to offending so many). Put to death for “impiety” (his sinfulness) Belief that “Challenges to popular convention may lead to community opposition and sanctions (authorization) Eventually put to death for his impietty.

Constructivism:

Encourages members of the school to focus on their studies and energies on alleviating pervasive social inequities, and as the name implies; reconstructs society into a new and better place.

Ethics: the study of what is "good" or "bad" in human behavior, and feelings. Essentially, its asking, "what is the good life"?

Political Philosophy: looks at how the past and present societies are arranged and governed and looks at ways to make future societies a better place.

Aesthetics: Probes the nature of beauty. It asks, "what is beauty"? Is beauty in the eyes of the beholder?

Socrates:

 Known as the “Teacher without school".

Goal was to help others while find the truth within themselves.

Referred to himself as a “midwife”

Helped his students reach deeper, clearer ideas by frequently questioning, disproving and testing their feedback related to “love” or “the good”. This came to be known as the Socratic method

Perennialism:

Asserts that knowledge cant be handed from one person to another (from a teacher to a student) but must be constructed by each student by interpreting and reinterpreting a constant flow of information.

Existentialism:

Progressivism:

  • Perennial means "everlasting".
  • Perennialists organize their schools around books, ideas, and concepts.
  • They criticize essentialists for a lot of factual information which is required for students so they can absorb and push for core cultural literacy and better education.
  • A perinnialist education focuses on enduring these concepts and questions that span the ages.

Asserts that the purpose of Education is to help kids find meaning and direction in their lives, and it rejects the notion that adults should or could direct meaningful leaning for children.

They don't believe that "truth" is objective and applicable to all. Each one of us must look inside of ourselves to discover our own truth, our own purpose in life.

Organizes schools around the concerns, curiousity, and the real world experiences of students. The progressive teacher facilitates learning by helping students come up with meaningful questions and strategies to answer those questions.

EX: A progresivist classroom will not have rows of desks and a teacher at the front of the room; but instead will have many small groups talking and working to get things done (Not your ideal classroom).

Finding your philosophy of Education:

Ethics, Political Philosophy, and aesthetics.

  • What is the purpose of Education?
  • What content and skills should schools teach?
  • How should schools teach this content?
  • What are the proper roles of students and teachers?
  • How should learning be measured?

Philosophy of Education

These terms are concerned with what "ought to be". In these diciplines, philosophers play with the issue of what we shoudl value.

Philosophy of Education:

The love of or search for wisdom.

The quest to understand the meaning of life.

"Philo"-love

"Sophos"-wisdom

"The love of or search for wisdom"

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