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Hercules's travel to the Iberian Peninsula
Hercules' journey to Iberian peninsula
The garden of the Hesperides and Tartessos
Who were the Hesperides?
In Greek mythology the Hesperides were the nymphs who tended a wonderful garden. Sometimes they were called Maidens of the West, Daughters of the Evening or Goddesses of Sunset. Ἐσπέρα in Greek means evening.
THE TENTH LABOUR OF HERACLES
When Heracles reached Erytheia, no sooner had he landed than he was confronted by the two-headed dog, Orthrus. With one huge blow from his olive-wood club, Heracles killed the watchdog. Eurytion the herdsman came to assist Orthrus, but Heracles dealt with him the same way.
- Heracles then had to herd the cattle back to Eurystheus.
On hearing the commotion, Geryon sprang into action, carrying three shields, three spears, and wearing three helmets. He pursued Heracles at the River Anthemus but fell victim to an arrow that had been dipped in the venomous blood of the Lernaean Hydra, shot so forcefully by Heracles that it pierced Geryon's forehead.
Heracles was required to travel to Erytheia, in order to obtain the Cattle of Geryon as his tenth labour. On the way there, he crossed the Libyan desert and became so frustrated at the heat that he shot an arrow at Helios, the Sun. Helios "in admiration of his courage" gave Heracles the golden chariot he used to sail across the sea from west to east each night.
Heracles used it to reach Erytheia
To annoy Heracles, Hera sent a gadfly to bite the cattle, irritate them and scatter them. The hero was within a year able to retrieve them. Hera then sent a flood which raised the level of a river so much, Heracles could not cross with the cattle. He piled stones into the river to make the water shallower. When he finally reached the court of Eurystheus, the cattle were sacrificed to Hera.
PARK OF ERYTHEIA, in Cadiz, Spain
Cup-Boat of Helios(Sculpture Park Tower of Hercules) Patrimony of the Humanity
A CORUÑA
APPEARANCE
What did Heracles have to take away in the Garden of Hesperides?
According to Hesiod Geryon had one body and three heads. His appearance was that of a warrior. He owned a two-headed hound named Orthrus, which was the brother of Cerberus, and a herd of magnificent red cattle that were guarded by Orthrus, and a herder Eurytion, son of Erytheia.
Where did they live?
WHO IS HE?
He was a fearsome giant who dwelt on the island Erytheia (Εριθεια, whose name
means red in Greek and now is the isla de León, in Cadiz, Spain) of the mythic Hesperides in the far west of the Mediterranean.
Erytheia ("the red one") is one of the Hesperides.
The name was applied to an island close to the coast of southern Hispania,
which was the site of the original Punic colony of Gades (modern Cadiz).
THEY APPEAR IN MANY COATS OF ARMS
(Spain)
(Melilla)
(Andalucía)
(San Diego, California)
(Cádiz)
This is the last, or penultimate of the works commissioned to Hercules by Euristeo, to steal the apples of gold. Gea (Earth) gave these apples to Hera on the occasion of her wedding with Zeus. To prevent them from being stolen, the goddess placed as a guardian an immortal dragon with a hundred heads. The golden apples were believed to give immortality to anyone who consumed them. In the myth of the Judgement of Paris, it was from the Garden that Eris, Goddess of Discord, obtained the Apple of Discord, which led to the Trojan War.
Hercules, once the dragon slept, access the wonderful tree and pluck the golden fruits. In the end Hercules came with the apples before Eurystheus, who did not know what to do with them and gave them back to the hero; He offered them to Athena, who in turn restored them to the divine garden.
GERYON
Tartessos
Tartessos a semi-mythical harbor city and the surrounding culture on the south coast of the Iberian Peninsula (in modern Andalusia, Spain), at the mouth of the Guadalquivir River. It appears in sources from Greece and the Near East starting during the first millennium BC. Herodotus, for example, describes it as beyond the Pillars of Heracles (Strait of Gibraltar).The Tartessians were rich in metal. Herodotus refers to a king of Tartessos, Arganthonios, presumably named for his wealth in silver. Some scholars say that this legend is related to the garden of the Hesperides.
Tower of Hercules
PILLARS OF HERCULES
WHERE ARE THEY?
They are situated in the Strait of Gibraltar.
Traces of Heracles in the Iberian peninsula
¿Who was Pirene (Πυρήνη)?
Atlas had a daughter Pyrene who was the most beautiful of the goddesses.
When Hercules saw her he wanted her for his wife,but Pyrene loved her father and would never take one of his enemies for a husband. Hercules flew into a rage and cleaved with his axe what we know call the Straits of Gibralter, allowinging the seas of the Atlantic Ocean to flood Atlantis and creating the Mediterranean Sea.
Everybody perished in the city of Atlantis, where Pyrene lived with her father, apart from Pyrene who managed to escape.
Why and when does Heracles pass?
Who did it build?
Pyrene fled the ruins of Atlantis and went to the most beautiful mountains in the world where she was hidden by shepherds.
Hercules never renounced his love for Pirene and began searching the universe for her. Pirene heard news of Hercules quest and decided to set the mountains alight. When he had finished a long chain of mountains stood which he called the Pyrenees in memory of his love for her and as a symbol of her independence.
It was build by the Romans in the second century.
At its base is preserved the cornerstone with the inscription
MARTI AUG.SACR C.SEVIVS LVPVS ARCHTECTVS AEMINIENSIS LVSITANVS.EX.VO
permitting the original lighthouse tower to be ascribed to the architect Gaius Sevius Lupus.
What was it?
Where is it?
The Tower of Hercules (Galician and Spanish: Torre de Hércules) is an ancient Roman lighthouse on a peninsula about 2.4 kilometers (1.5 mi) from the centre of A Coruña, Galicia, in north-western Spain.
It is thought to be modeled after the Lighthouse of Alexandria. The tower has been in constant use since the 2nd century and is considered to be the oldest existing lighthouse in the world.
Myths and legends
According to a myth that blends Celtic and Greco-Roman elements, the hero Hercules killed the giant tyrant Geryon after three days and three nights of continuous battle. Hercules then—in a Celtic gesture— buried the head of Geryon with his weapons and ordered that a city be built on the site. The lighthouse atop a skull and crossbones representing the buried head of Hercules’ slain enemy appears in the coat-of-arms of the city of Corunna.
On the coat of arms of the city A coruña there is the tower of Hercules and in its base a skull represented the Gerion´s head.
Hercules fighting with Geryon
Labours of Heracles
Driven mad by Hera, Heracles killed his own children. To expiate the crime, Heracles was required to carry out twelve labors set by his archenemy, Eurystheus, who had become king in Heracles' place.
In some of his journeys he visited the Iberian peninsula
Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς), is a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene.
He was the greatest of the Greek heroes.
In Rome and the modern West, he is known as Hercules.
Heracles as a boy strangling a snake (marble, Roman artwork, 2nd century CE)
The Birth of Milky Way
Rubens, Peter Paul
Prado Museum, Madrid