Concrete frame buildings
Steel frame disadvantages
- Deforms at high temperatures
- Needs to be fire coated
- Will conduct electricity - therefore must be earthed
This was a system first developed in the late nineteenth century by William E Ward
The first concrete frame skyscraper was the Ingalls building built in 1904 and is 210 feet high.
Concrete frame construction
Precast Panels are dropped in by a crane then bolted together to form a rigid structure.
In Situ-steel or wooden formwork is required to create the columns and beams. Concrete is then poured and the shuttering removed once the concrete has gained enough strength.
Steel frame
Advantages
Timber frame construction
- Factory made
- Relatively Easy & quick to assemble
- Unnafected by moisture
- Potential long roof spans
- Composite design
Compare the advantages of building in traditional materials with materials used in timber framed housing.
Concrete Frame construction
Advantages & Disadvantages
Disadvantages
- Crainage requires
- Requires initial support
- Skilled workforce required to assemble
Advantages
- In-built fire protection
- Moulded to any shape
- High strength in compression
- Do not require a secondary finish
Light Steel frame buildings (SKELETAL) were developed in the 1880s for American skyscrapers.
Used for house consrtuction in the early 1920's. Steel became relatively expensive & not a viable alternative for housing.
As part of P2
Superstructures
You must describe a form of construction for a medium- or high-rise
building, for example steel frame, in situ and pre-cast concrete frames. You will understand the key components and their function You will need to show how the frames are constructed.
You will also demonstrate how your chosen buildings are enclosed with the use of wall claddings; curtain walling, storey height panels and infill panels;
Roof coverings; warm deck and cold deck, waterproof covering materials need to be covered too.
Introduction
Building technology has
evolved over the centuries between simple structures, through to hi-tech, state of the art buildings.
Timber frame
Portal frames
Timber frame is a method of constructing houses and low-rise buildings using structural timber, typically prefabricated in a factory and assembled on site.
For commercial buildings, where larger open span areas are required, portal frames are common.
When watching the video below list any of the advantages as well as any disadvantages.
U values
Superstructure BTEC Level 3
Unit 29 Civil Engineering in Construction
Building types (P2)
Thomas Jones
Key term
The overall coefficient of heat transmission which indicates the heat flow through materials - the higher the figure the greater the heat loss.
Modern timber-frame houses can provide very high levels of thermal insulation. The wall insulation is contained within the panels.
If the panels are 90mm thick the typical U-value is 0.35W/m2K; 140mm panels
Portal frames
Cladding
Timber frame and other structures can be enclosed with other either brickwork or stone. This is also known as cladding.