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The Second Caliph: Umar ibn al-Khatab R.A.

Upon Accepting Islaam

Umar's RA Assassination

His Leadership as the Amir ul Mu’mineen

BEING GRANTED THE TITLE OF Caliphate

Story Time

Birth

During Umar’s RA control, Islamic armies swept across the Iranian land and into Egypt and Libya, taking territories that had previously belonged to the two great empires of late ancient times, the Byzantines and the Sasanians, and bringing them into the Islamic world in which they exist to this day. His forces reduced the Roman Empire, which once controlled the entire Mediterranean basin, to an area that basically encompasses modern-day Turkey, Greece, and the Balkans, and they virtually destroyed the Persian Empire, which had existed in various forms, under various dynasties, for over a thousand years.

Umar RA dedicated his life to the Prophet SAW. In the 13th year of Prophethood, the persecution of the Muslims, at the hand of the Quraish, had became so intense that the Prophet and his followers migrated to Madina. Even Umar RA was forced to migrate, but he did not do so until he performed Tawaaf around the Ka’bah, saying his prayers and challenging the Quraysh tribe to stop him, he welcomed the disbelievers to try and prevent him. Not even a single member of the Quraysh had the courage to prevent him from completing what he was set on doing, and no one accepted the challenge to measure swords with him.

The second caliph, Umar ibn al-Khattab, was born on November 3 586 AD in Mecca. He was an influential member of the Adia Clan of the Meccan tribe of the Quraysh .Umar ibn al-Khattab father's name was Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan. His mother's name was Umm' Asim bint Asim ibn Umar ibn Al Khattab. He had a sister named Fatimah Bint al-Khattab He also had a brother named Zyed ibn al-Khattab. Umar also had a cousin named Khalid bin Waleed.

Umar RA was in his eleventh year of Caliphate when he made his annual pilgrimage to Mecca. Immediately on his return to Medina, his career came to a sudden,tragic end. In the early morning prayer, Feroze, a Persian slave, made his way to the congregation. He attacked him with a sharp edged weapon inflicting several wounds. Feroze ran wildly killing a few more people, and then stabbed himself to death. Realizing his end had approached, he asked Ayesha RA, the Prophet’s widowed wife, if he could be buried beside the grave of the Prophet SAW. Addressing the crowd, part of what he said was, “O Lord, I have finished my course. And now to Him I come after and I leave the Kingdom and the Caliphate firmly established and at peace.”

Three days after, on the 26th of Zil Hijj, 23 A.H. he was buried beside the Prophet SAW.

All within 10 years, his wisdom and patience dominated over Syria, Egypt, and Persia too.

Umar Ibn Khattab RA was the second caliphate of Islam. Near the end of Jamada al Thani in 13 AH, Abu Bakr (RA) joined his beloved S.A.W. At his death bed Abu Bakar (RA) appointed Umar as his successor who then became the caliphate on Tuesday 22 of Jumada al-thani 634 CE. When he was the caliphate, he was given the name Amir ul Mu’mineen which means Commander of the Faithful.

When people would call him caliphate, he would prevent them and say he was not fit to be a caliphate and rather be called Amir ul Mu’mineen. In the first year of being a caliphate, he appointed Hazrat Abdurhman ibn Awaf as the Amir for hajj. His reign saw the transformation of the Islamic state from an Arabian principality to a world power. He made the Islamic calendar based on the Hijra of S.A.W. He was the ruler until Wednesday 27 of Dhul al-Hijjah 644 CE where he than died. Laying on his death bed he nominated six people and told everyone to choose amongst them where they then appointed Uthman ibn Awaf as the next clipahte.

Umar RA then said, “O Aslam, go to that place and see who that girl is and to whom she was speaking and whether she has a husband”. So Aslam went to the place and found out that the girl was unmarried and the person that she was talking to was her mother. So Aslam told Umar RA what he found out and he gathered his sons and asked them, “Do any of you need a wife, so I can arrange the marriage for you? If I had the desire to get married I would have been the first one to marry this young woman”. So Abdullah then said “I have a wife. Abd al-Rahman said “I have a wife”. Asim said, “I do not have a wife so let me marry her”.So Umar then arranged a marriage and they got married.

Once Umar RA was on his patrol at night, he was tired so he leaned against a wall to rest for a bit. It was the middle of the night when he heard a mother say to her daughter, “Oh my daughter, get up and mix that milk with some water”. Which then the girl replied to “O mother, did you not hear the command of amir ul mu’mineen today?” The mother said, “What was that?”.The girl then said, “He ordered someone to announce in a loud voice that milk should not be mixed with water”. The mother then said “Get up and mix the milk with water you are in a place where Umar cannot see you”.The girl then said to her mother, “I cannot obey Allah s.w.t in public and disobey him in private”.

There are also many Prophetic traditions that speak of the high esteem that the Companions of the Prophet had for Umar RA. Abdullah ibn Masud RA said, “Umar’s submission to Islam was a fath’ (victory), his migration was a victory, his imamate was a blessing, and I have seen this because we were unable to pray at the House (the Kabah) until he submitted to Islam.”

Caliphate

Conversion to Islaam

Marriage

Birth

Death

Physical Characteristics

Journey to Islam

Wives & Children

His Work

Achievements & Fun Facts

WIVES

CHILDREN

Abu Jahl made an announcement that whoever kills the Prophet SAW will be given the reward of 100 camels, so Umar Ibn Khattab goes out with his sword on the mission.

The Prophet SAW made the dua'a to Allah, "Oh Allah, strengthen Islaam with either Abu al Hakam Ibn Hisham or Umar Ibn Khataab." Once Allah informed the Prophet SAW that Abu Jahl will not be enter the fold of Islaam, he (SAW) made exclusive dua for Umar Ibn Khattab.

He goes out and he sees a group of people gathered to watch a calf get slaughtered. Umar RA reports that the stomach of the calf addressed him saying “O the family of the Zareeh, this is a mighty & successful affair. There is a man who proclaims with an eloquent tongue, and the eloquent tongue tells the people to profess that there in nobody to worship except Allah and Muhammad SAW is the messenger of Allah.” Umar RA was astonished with this, but he continues on his mission.

He married 7 or 8 in total:

1) Zaynab bint Madh’un during Jahiliyyah and she was the mother of ‘Abdullah, ‘Abdul Rahman (the eldest) and Hafsah (RA)

2) Maleeka bint Jarwal and she was the mother of ‘UbaydiLlah (RA) and he divorced her.

3) Quraybah bint Abi Makhzoom and he later on divorced who then married ‘Abdul Rahman ibn Abi Bakr (RA).

4) Umm Hakim bin Al-Harith (the wife of ‘Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl {RA}) and ‘Umar (RA) married her when ‘Ikrimah (RA) died in the battle of Yarmuk. She was the mother of Fatimah (RA)

5) Jamilah bint ‘Asim bin Thaabit.

  • Umar was the first to call himself “commander of the faithful” (amīr al-muminīn).
  • He established the first diwan (a register of warriors’ pensions that over time evolved into a powerful governmental body).
  • He established the Islamic calendar
  • Umar (R.A.) created the office of qadi (judges)
  • He also established the garrison cities of Al-Fustāt in Egypt, Basra and Kūfah in Iraq.
  • He expanded the Islamic Empire.
  • Umar (R.A.) was the first to establish a special department for the investigation of complaints against the officers of the State.
  • He used to visit the houses of the blind and disabled persons to attend to their household chores while being Amir Al Muminin.

His first work was as shepherd for his father and his aunts. He then started a business in which he was very successful. He would travel to Syria and Yemen and traded. He became one of the wealthiest men of Quraysh. He was also a wrestler and was unbeatable.

He was very well built. He wasn’t over-weight but he had a lot of flesh on his bones but it was muscle. He was a wrestler in Jahiliyyah. His limbs were large. He was bald-headed. He was fair-skinned and there was some redness in his colour. He used henna in his hair. The tips of his moustache were long and he used to twist them in his fingers whenever he became upset. He was described as when he would walk he would walk fast, when he would speak you could definitely hear him and when he struck he would strike with strength. His presence was intimidating to his enemy and it would strike fear even in his friends.

He had 13 children in total:

  • Zayd al-Akbar,
  • Zayd al-Asghar : he named two of his sons Zayd because his elder brother was Zayd whom he used to love very much and who died as a shaheed
  • ‘Asim,
  • ‘Abdullah
  • ‘Abdul Rahman al-Akbar,
  • ‘Abdul Rahman al-Awsat,
  • ‘Abdul Rahman al-Asghar: he named three of his sons ‘Abdul Rahman because he used to love the name very much
  • ‘Ayaad and ‘UbaydiLlah
  • Hafsah
  • Ruqayyah
  • Zaynab
  • Fatimah (RA)

Now, he runs into No’im bin Abdullah. No’im bin Abdullah sees Umar with the sword and ask him his where abouts. Umar RA replies, “I am about to eliminate Muhammad.” No’im RA, to protect the Nabi SAW, told Umar, that he should bring his own house in order first because his sister, Fatima Bint Khattab, and her husband, Saeed Bin Zaid, have both accepted Islaam. When Omar heard this, he was raged with fury and changed paths to his sister’s house.

Khattab RA, the one who was teaching Fatima and Saeed RA the verses, comes out and says “O Umar, I imagine the dua of the Prophet SAW was accepted in the favour of you.” After this, Umar RA tells Khattab RA to take him to Rasullah SAW. When they reach Darul Arqam, he bear witnessed to the Prophet SAW and became a muslim.

The Muslims were unable to pray near the Ka'bah. When Umar RA embraced Islam, he fought the Quraysh till he and the Muslims could pray there. They could also recite the Qur'an loudly whereas they were not able to do that previously. Islam thus spread and the Muslims increased in number. Umar RA joined the Messenger of Allah in every battle, from Badr to Tabuk.

Umar RA storms inside his sister’s house and he addresses both of them about their conversion to Islaam. Saeed Bin Zaid RA asks Umar RA, “What if this new religion is the true religion and the old religion is not the true one?” Once Umar heard this, he began to beat him. In the meantime, Fatima tries to intervene between her husband and her brother, and Umar strikes her that she begins bleeding. At this she says, “Oh son of Khattab, you do what you want to do, we have embraced Islaam. Oh enemy of Allah, you put us through this punishment simply because we believe in Allah.” After hearing this, Umar RA calms down and asks her to show him what they were reading. After doing wudu, Fatima RA handed him the leaves with the Quranic verses of Surah Taha and he remarks that these are gracious verses.

6) ‘Aatiqah bint Zayd bin ‘Amr bin Nufail who his relative and was married before to ‘Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr. When ‘Umar (RA) died, she married az-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam.

7) ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) wanted to marry the youngest daughter of Abu Bakr (RA), Umm Kulthum who was born after the death of Abu Bakr (RA) but she refused. ‘Aishah (RA) told her, “You don’t want to marry Ameer ul-Mu’minin?” She said, “His lifestyle is harsh.” So ‘Aishah (RA) told ‘Amr bin al-‘Aas (RA) about her and he went to ‘Umar (RA) and said, “I have a suggestion for you. Why don’t you marry the Umm Kulthum, the daughter of ‘Ali? Because by marrying her, you’ll have a relationship into the family of Rasulullah.” So ‘Umar (RA) asked her hand in marriage and she agreed and he married her.

8) Luhayyayah was either a slave-girl or his wife, there’s a difference of opinion on this. mother of Abdul Rahman the youngest.

9) Fuqayhah she was the mother of Zaynab.

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