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Running Water Erosion, Wave Erosion, and Deposition

  • Deposition occurs when agents of erosion, deposit, or lay down, sediment.
  • Weathering, erosion, and deposition work together in a cycle that builds up and wears down Earth's surface.
  • Moving water is the major agent of erosion that has shaped Earth's land surface.
  • Erosion by water begins with rainsplash. The force of a falling raindrop can pick up soil particles.
  • As water moves over land, it carries the particles with it.
  • The moving water is called runoff.
  • In general, more runoff means more erosion.
  • Through erosion, a river creates valleys, flood plains, meanders, waterfalls, and oxbow lakes.
  • Waterfalls may occur where a river meets an area of rock that is very hard and erodes slowly.
  • Where a river spreads out and erodes the land, forming a large river valley, the flat wide area of land along a river is called a flood plain.
  • A meandor is a loop like bend in the course of a river.
  • As the river winds from side to side, it tends to erode the outer bank and deposit sediment on the inner bank of a bend.
  • An oxbow lake is a meandor that's been cut off from the river. it may form when a river floods.
  • Deposition creates landforms such as alluvial fans and deltas.
  • An alluvial fan is a wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed when a stream leaves a rang of mountains.
  • Sediment deposits where a river flows into an ocean or lake builds up a land form called a delta.
  • Deposition also can occur during floods. When heavy rain or snow causes a river to rise above its banks the flood water retreats and deposits sediment as new soil.
  • Waves shape the coast by breaking down rock and transporting sand and other sediment.
  • When waves hit a steep, rocky coast, they strike the area again and again. Over time thewaves may erode a hollow rock called a sea cave.
  • Waves shape a coast when they deposit sediment, forming coastal features such as beaches, splits, and barrier beaches.
  • A split is a beach that projects like a finger into the water.
  • A barrier beach forms when storm waves pile up sand above sea level forming a narrow island parallel to the coast.

Running Water Erosion and Wave Erosion and Deposition

When many people think of the Grand Canyon, they usually think of how it was formed. What many don't know is that it was formed by running water erosion.

  • A river's slope, volume of flow and the shape of its stream bed all affect how much sediment a river can erode and how fast it can flow.
  • A fast-moving river can carrie larger particles of sediment compared to a slower-moving river.
  • When a river slows down it drops its load of sediment. Larger particles are deposited first.

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