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Health Care Systems

Canada vs The United States

Overall Costs

CANADA

2017

Even though the years are different, you can still see that healthcare costs in the United States is a lot more expensive than Canada's.

Per capita national health expenditures: $6,604

Total national health expenditures: $242 billion

Total national health expenditures as a percent of Gross Domestic Product: 11.5%

("Health Spending," 2017)

THE UNITED STATES

2015

Per capita national health expenditures: $9,990

Total national health expenditures: $3.2 trillion

Total national health expenditures as a percent of Gross Domestic Product: 17.8%

("Health Expenditures," 2017)

By: Ellen Little, Sarah Hurlbert, Owen Eberhardt, Julia Panas, & Amanda Marcotte

Health Statistics

Overall Description

Health Statistics

STIs Cases

10

Table 1: Leading causes of death by sex (Both sexes).

Canada

US

Table retrieved from Statistics Canada.

Health Statistics

Table of Contents

Canada's Top 10 Causes of Death in 2015

Information Retrieved from (Health, United States, 2016: In brief, 2017).

Canada's health care system provides health care to all citizens. The healthcare is financed and delivered through 10 provinces and three territories. In Canada, there is no cost-sharing for the health care services. Canadians are guaranteed access to hospitals and physician services, but it is up the province to decide if supplementary benefits are covered. Therefore, 2/3 of Canadians take out private, supplemental insurance plans (Kliff, 2012).

475

145.8

8.7

206

28.4

3.4

Chlamydia

Gonorrhea

Syphilis

United States Top 10 Causes of Death in 2015

  • Canada in 2015
  • Total population = 35,940,000
  • Life expectancy at birth m/f = 80/84
  • Probability of dying between 15 and 60 years m/f (per 1,000 population) = 78/50
  • (World Health Organization, 2018)

Health Statistics

  • Introduction
  • History
  • Overall Description
  • Strengths & Weaknesses
  • Similarities & Differences
  • Overall Costs
  • Health Tax
  • Health Statistics
  • Recommendations

Cancer is the leading cause of death in Canada. Heart Disease is the leading cause of death in the US.

The following numbers are per 100,000 population

Medical Imaging Inventory

Canada

Canada Source: (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2017)

US Source: (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017)

Similarities & Differences of the United States and Canada's Health Care Systems

Recommendations

  • Estimated 583 CT units in Canada
  • Estimated 5.28 million CT examinations in 2015
  • Approximately 147 exams per 1000 people
  • Estimated 340 MRI units in Canada
  • Estimated 1.95 million MRI examination in 2015
  • Approximately 54 exams per 1000 people
  • Estimated 40 PET or PET-CT units Canada
  • Estimated 77,000 PET examinations in 2015
  • Approximately 2 exams per 1,000 people

Similarities

(The Canadian Medical Imaging Inventory, 2015)

Both Canada and US

  • United States in 2015
  • Total population = 321,774,000
  • Life expectancy at birth m/f = 77/82
  • Probability of dying between 15 and 60 years m/f (per 1,000 population) = 128/77
  • (World Health Organization, 2018)

Introduction

Differences

  • Capitalist economy
  • Private insurance available
  • Drug coverage is unequal
  • Health status of native populations is poor
  • Dental care is not covered in Canada, just like it is not covered under Medicaid in the US.

United States

Canada

The United States

History

As a group, we recommend that the United States try to adopt a universal health plan like Canada's. If the United States were to adopt a single-payer system, then costs would lower and quality of care could potentially improve. Even though the United States has different beliefs than Canada, we still believe having a universal health care system would be great for the US.

The United States has much more medical equipment available than Canada.

Health Statistics

Basic Information

  • Universal system
  • Everyone is insured
  • Cost Less
  • More equitable
  • No premium plans
  • No cost sharing
  • Spends 10% of GDP
  • Longer life expectancy
  • 80.3 years = average
  • Spends less capita
  • No extra billing or fees for medical procedures
  • Not universal
  • Many uninsured citizens
  • Cost More
  • Less equitable
  • Premium plans available
  • Cost-sharing allowed
  • Spends 15% of GDP
  • Shorter life expectancy
  • 78.6 years = average
  • Spends 2x more capita
  • Extra billing and fees is possible after a procedure
  • Estimated 41 CT scanners per million population
  • 245.3 per 1000 population CT exams in 2015
  • Estimated 39 MRI units per million population
  • 117.8 per 1000 population MRI exams in 2015
  • Estimated 2,500 PET scanners in 2013
  • Over 2 million scans done every year

Attached is pdf copies with all of the sources! There were too many to put in this box! May have to zoom in.

US

(Czernin et. al., 2013).

Canada

  • Data complied from 416 hospitals and 3,168 surgeons
  • In 2015, there were 161,040 total procedures
  • But, this is not the total from the entire United States.

Throughout this presentation we will compare the health care systems of the United States and Canada.

  • Canada
  • Population: 36.87 million (Worldometers, 2018)
  • Largest country in North America based on area (Isac, 2015).
  • The United States
  • Population: 325.7 million (Worldometers, 2018)
  • 2nd largest country in North America based on area (Isac, 2015)

Different procedures performed from 2012-2015 in the United States.

Joint Replacement 2009 - 2010

41,573

Joint Replacement 2013-2014

49,503

Information and graph retrieved from the American Joint Replacement Registry, 2016).

Information Retrieved from:

(Poterba, n.d.)

(Helgott, 2017)

(Lieberman, 2014)

(Krell, 2017)

("Joint replacements in Canada: More patients, more surgeries, less time in hospital," 2015)

The Untied States had three times more joint replacements in one year than Canada had in two years.

Joint Replacements

  • Canada (2017)
  • Approximately 30,000 cardiac procedures
  • approximately 175 active Cardiac Surgeons
  • Information retrieved from
  • (Noly et al., 2017).

Brief History of Canada's Health Care System

  • United States (2010)
  • Approximately 530,000 cardiac procedures performed
  • Approximately 4,000 active Cardiac Surgeons
  • (American Association for Thoraic Surgery, 2016)

Heart Disease

(Canadian Museum of History, 2010)

Brief History of US Health Care

(Panda, 2015)

Health Statistics

Health Statistics

Cancer

Strengths and Weaknesses of Canada's Health Care System

Strengths

Canada & The United States preform the same types of cancer treatments.

  • Surgery
  • Radiation Therapy
  • Chemotherapy
  • Immunotherapy
  • Targeted Therapy
  • Hormone Therapy

Infant Mortality Rate in 2015

  • Canada's Rate = 4.5
  • Rate =number of deaths of children less than one year of age per 1,000
  • (Statistics Canada, 2018)
  • No Canadian is left behind
  • Unlike the US, everyone in Canada receives healthcare regardless if he or she can afford to pay
  • Excellent standard of care
  • Many health outcomes in Canada are much better than outcomes in the US.
  • Funds go to the healthcare
  • Funds are efficiently allocated between healthcare provisions and healthcare administration
  • No Elaborate Bills, No Co-Payments, Not much paperwork

Weaknesses

  • Wait times
  • Since everyone receives care, there can be longer wait times
  • Costly
  • Healthcare can be expensive in Canada
  • Focused on Acute and Chronic Care
  • Want to shift to prevention and health promotion
  • Rural Areas don't get a fair share
  • Most funding is given to larger cities
  • Political Decision Making Strategy
  • decisions are based on "political palatability" and not what makes sense from a financial standpoint

Most common cancer

Canada: Prostate

US: Breast Cancer

  • USA's Rate = 5.9
  • Rate = number of infant deaths for every 1,000 births
  • (Health, United States, 2016: In brief, 2017).

Health Tax

The health care system in Canada is funded at both provincial and federal levels in order to provide "free" health care services to everyone. Funds are provided from taxation both from personal and corporate income taxes. Other sources like federal and provincial sales tax and provincial lottery proceeds also help fund health services ("Health Care Funding," n.d.).

Canada

In 2014, the average single individual earning roughly $42,000 will pay $4,381 for public health care insurance. A family of two adults and two children earning approximately $118,000 in 2014 will pay $11,786 for public health care insurance.

Between 2004 and 2014, the cost of health care insurance for the average Canadian family (all family types) increase by 53.3 per cent (Barua & Hasiuk, 2014).

Table Retrieved from ("Employer Health Tax," n.d.).

Heath care services in the United States is paid for by the government, private health insurance, and person's funds.

In 2012, the average American spent $9,596 on healthcare (Bloom, 2017).

In 2016, premiums for individual coverage averaged $321 per month while premiums for family plans averaged $833 per month. The average annual deductible for individual plans was $4,358 and the average deductible for family plans was $7,983 (Bloom, 2017).

The United

States

Table Retrieved from ("Average Cost of Health Insurance," 2017).

Average Rates by Plan Type

Average cost of Health Insurance by state

Table Retrieved from ("Average Cost of Health Insurance," 2017).

Federal Taxes

("2017-2018 tax brackets, 2018).

Table Retrieved from ("Average Cost of Health Insurance," 2017).

Average Health Insurance Premiums by Metal Tier

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