8.A.2015.MACHINESTHATHELP

- launched on a rocket (some from submarines or planes)

- mission

- mission complete – graveyard orbit (Vanguard 1 – 1958 to present day)

- re-enter Earth (destroy) – space waste

-

- how do they work:

-

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite (nice gif)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite

http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-a-satellite-58.html

- space stations (International Space Station: ISS from 1998 – film: Interstellar)

- spacecraft (Mars Rover)

- military and civilian Earth observation

- communication

- navigation (ships, buses, airplaines)

- weather (forecast)

- research (turtles)

alternative names: laundry machine, washer)

function: machine washing laundry (clothes + sheets)

Before:

- women’s job – had to get water 8-10 times from outside

- heat water

- carry laundry

- burdensome chore

How does it work?

1858 – Hamilton Smith – rotary washing machine – used gas

1904: problem of electric washing machine discussed

- problem: electricity not available until 1930 (different countries – different times)

until 1928: USA: 913.000 electric washing machines

1934: Fort Worth, Texas – first laundromat

in Western Europe: 1950’s: WW2, electric shortages + expensive

- next problem: combo washer + drier

1970’s: solution

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washing_machine

video

2008 – University of Leeds – new concept: uses 1 cup of water (300 ml) + 20 kg of reusable plastic chips – 2% of water and energy of traditional machines

- 5-12 kg

- timer delay

- programmes

- rotation speed

- variable temperatures

Some:

- child lock

- steam

- remaining time

Industrial washers:

- 360 kg of textiles at once

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

MACHINES THAT HELP

SATELLITES

HOW?

INTRO

AFTER INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

GB (18th c.) – Europe – North America (19th) now global

inventions, constant change

end of 1700’s mechanical (machines: sewing machine, steam engine)

1800’s: steam power (revolving wheels, pumping water, iron forging, sewing) - can be used anywhere, anytime

iron and coal

factories (industries)

machines: efficiency (always more, always better)

working hours, schedules, charts: nature doesn’t count, night and day together

urban

BEFORE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

global

agricultural societies

in Europe feudalism: century old traditions – not much change

manual (planting, harvesting, sewing, making shoes) – some tools can be used

human and animal (horsepower)

water and wind (watermills – windmills)

wood and stone

guilds and manufactures

nature (sunshine) dictates: dawn - sunset (summer and winter jobs)

rural (country-side)

Where? When?

human societies and change

power used

type of energy

resources, basic materials

goods production

external motivation

lifestyle

THE WASHING MACHINE

FIRST AND SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS

The List Of The Biggest Mobile Manufacturers

TODAY

definition: artificial object intentionally put into orbit around a star or planet

- 1957: first artificial satellite: Sputnik 1 (died in a few month) – space race –Cold War

- Sputnik 2: carried Laika (stray mongrel dog from Moscow): first living passenger into space – orbited Earth (died)

up to today: 6.600 launched (3.600 still in orbit)

HISTORY

1930

1950, Constructa - fully automatic

A research was made in October 2015: Which is the biggest mobile manufacturer now?

TYPES

SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

traditional (animal + human)+

steam power +

electricity (electric engines, dynamos, batteries)

oil and gas (diesel engine)

wood, stone +

iron and coal +

steel, glass, plastic

university professors, professional inventors, architects (education)

+ laboratories, research institutes (team work)

theoretical science (chemistry, biology, physics) – applied science (engineering, architecture, design, management) seperated (further specialisation)

Eiffel Tower (1889), Statue of Liberty (steel)

skyscrapers (elevators)

oil plants

automobiles, flying objects (zeppelin, helicopters, airplanes, rockets), submarine

radios, television, washing machine, dishwasher, computers

formerly invisible: microscopes – radars, telescopes

conveyor belt (futószalag)

steam +

electricity, gas

machines: efficiency (always more, always better)

FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

traditional (animal + human)+

steam power

wood, stone +

iron and coal

guildsmen, experiments – working on their own

(theory + practice together)

steam engine – locomotive

clothes factory

the Crystal Palace (1851-1936 - glass + iron)

steam

machines: efficiency (always more, always better)

type of energy

resources, basic materials

inventors

symbolic inventions

power used

external motivation

SOCIAL IMPACT

women’s job: some claim bigger than contraceptive pills + abortion rights

- helped liberating women: childcare, education, reading

- Ireland: Magdalene asylums – stopped (about 50-60.000 women worked there)

- India: still a caste: Dhobi – washing clothes – still by hand – slowly adapting

- who uses it? Hans Rosling – washpeople (40 $ more – electricity): 2 billion people out of 5

- by 2050: 5 billion out of 9 billion: problems: electricity, production, environment

THE MICROWAVE

THE HISTORY OF THE MICROWAVE:

• Microwave tech. started in the 1920's
• they quickly realize that microwaves heat
• low frequency and length waves
• radar WWII
• first microwaves where 5000$ and huge
• only in 1967 they became mass-produced (495$ and "normal" size)

Questions

this is a picture

• Inside the strong metal box, there is a microwave generator called a magnetron. When you start cooking, the magnetron takes electricity from the power outlet and converts it into high-powered, 12cm (4.7 inch) radio waves.

• The magnetron blasts these waves into the food compartment through a channel called a wave guide.

• The food sits on a turntable, spinning slowly round so the microwaves cook it evenly.

• The microwaves bounce back and forth off the reflective metal walls of the food compartment, just like light bounces off a mirror. When the microwaves reach the food itself, they don't simply bounce off. Just as radio waves can pass straight through the walls of your house, so microwaves penetrate inside the food. As they travel through it, they make the molecules inside it vibrate more quickly.

• Vibrating molecules have heat so, the faster the molecules vibrate, the hotter the food becomes. Thus the microwaves pass their energy onto the molecules in the food, rapidly heating it up.

Percy Spencer the inventor:

• born: 19 July 1895
• worked as an engineer on radars
• invented it by "accident"

Easy to use BUT Which one???

Book or ebook/apps

BOOK OR EBOOK - THIS IS THE QUESTION

Ebook carriable library

button

1971 Michael S. Hart in the USA „Gutenberg Project”

- all cultural documents available to the public

2004 first real ebook

2011 more than 23 million sold /top year/ KINDLE No1

2015 more than 8 million sold

buy or dowload free book

install books

read

SAVE SPACE, TIME AND MONEY!!!

FUTURE

more sophisticated ebook

or smart phones/tablets apps

pen

Android

need lot of space

more expensive

heavier

smell of a book

nicer / cover

pictures

last forever

signature

touch

coloured

getting more popular

cheaper (10-15 books)

smaller

carriable

language selection

broken ebook --- lost of whole library

slim

flat

Designed for:

• TV's (Android TV)
• Cars(Android Auto)
• Smartphones &tablets
• Watches(Android Wear)

brand

Android Phones

cheap

onix

expensieve

• Operational system, based on Linux, developed by Google
• Created in October, 2003, California by Andy Rubin, Chris White, Rick Sears and Rich Miner

read in the bath

kindle

accor

hard disk size

• Who was the most famous inventor of Apple Inc.?
• What is the latest product of Apple ?
• What were the disadvantages of the earlier ideas of keeping food cold?
• How was the water ice created ?
• How did excavators worked earlier?
• Where do we use excavators ?
• What colour is the 'Black Box' ?
• What are the two most important things in planes flight ?
• How fast is the fastest magnetized train?
• Why are people using magnetized trains?
• Why are magnetized trains better to the environment?
• Who had the original idea of magnetized trains?
• Where is the fastest non-prototype magnetized train?
• What are the advantages of action cameras?
• Is Go Pro cheap or expensive and why?
• Does Go Pro have a very good quality?
• Does Go Pro sell accessories?
• In your opinion can Go Pro take the place of cameras?
• Who used wristwatches, pocket watches and pendulum watches in history?
• When did men start to use wristwatches?
• Compare the first and second industrial revolutions.
• What were the two major problems to solve for the invention of the washing machine?
• Who did the washing machine help most and how?
• How can we solve the problem of probably having 5 billion washing machines by 2050?
• What are satellites?
• Who was Laika?
• Name 4-5 fields for the utilisation of satellitses in modern life.
• What are the advantages of using a dishwasher?
• Is using a dishwasher environmentally friendly? Why?
• When and where did the dishwasher debut?
• What are the types of electric bikes?
• How many ways can you ride an e-bike?And what are these?
• How did people preserve images before cameras?
• In what century was the first photo taken?

The biggest companies, and their devices

Part One

prestigo

Samsung designed the fastest wireless charger with the Samsung galaxy S VI

Electric energy --> Needs charging, depends on the size of the battery and how much you use the device

electric bicycles (e-bikes)

History:

• there are bicycles since 1818
• ride the bike pedals
• it's predecessors have been developed for 1890
• Hosea W. Libbey inventor
• 1897
• the main developers,inventors

human force

• South Korean brand
• The biggest company in the phone industry--> Android is bigger than iOS
• The best "top devices", even better than the latest iPhones
• The first Samsung is the Galaxy Previal, released in 2011
• The best Samsung now: Samsung Galaxy S VI Edge
• Part of the Samsung Galaxy S family(Samsung's top phones)
• The first phone with a curved screen on the side

E-bike

Ogden Bolton Jr.,Mathew J. Steffens, John Schnepf, G.A. Wood Jr.,

you can ride the e-bikes:

• ride by pedal power alone-human powered
• ride by electric motor only
• using both together at the same time.

• you can ride it without using the pedals, with the help of the motor

• looks like a moped
• popular in China

as a moped

• Taiwanese company
• The first android-powered mobile, The T-mobile G1, released in 2008
• Pretty awesome phones(HTC One Series), but sadly, the company goes bankrupt...

Vacuum Cleaner

eco-friendly

• to suck up the dust

History

first manual: 1860s

first motorized: 20th century

• a fan (electric motor) reduces the pressure

manual predecessors

• carpet sweeper: Daniel Hess

• "Whirlwind": Ives W. McGaffey

• vacuum - pushes the dust into the bag

motorized vacuum cleaners

• 1901 - Hubert cecil Booth

• internal engine

Pedelec

• many kinds (hand-held, robotic, backpack and so many other types...)

pedal+electric+cycle

• electric bike with an integrated electric motor
• the electric power works only when you use the pedals
• it doesn't have throttle
• In many places pedelecs are legally classed as bicycles.

S-pedelec

you can reach 100 km/h

"s"-speed

• has a bigger motor

• you should have a A1 driving license

Android rivals The Microsoft OS, but the biggest enemy is the iOS--> Android copies iOS, mostly in design

iPhone

• smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.
• they run IOS mobile operating system
• 1st was released on June 29, 2007
• the most recent one was released on September 9, 2015
• sold 6.1 million of the 1st generation iPhone

Android Phones

There are a lot of Chinese manufacturers, like Honor, but other companies, such as Blackberry, One Plus, Motorola, Lenovo and Asus

The biggest companies, and their devices

Part Two

How do planes fly?

External Buttons and Connectors:

• Japanese company
• They launched their first android phone in 2008, with the name: Sony Ericcson XPERIA X1
• The flagship nowadays is the Sony XPERIA Z5, and it was released a few days ago

• The best Chinese mobile manufacturer
• The first Huawei mobile is the Huawei Ascend
• The latest Huawei model is the Nexus 6P

- the engines and the wings — different jobs.

- engines — move it forward at high speed (thrust)

- air flow over the wings, the air down toward the ground (drag)

- upward force - lift. It overcomes the plane's weight and holds it in the sky

- during takeoff: big thrust and a high speed — lift force.

- landing: reducing the speed and the lift force.

- lifespan of a plane:

-takeoff and landing cycles

-used on longer flights — fewer cycles, more than 20 years.

• South Korean manufacturer
• The first, full curved screen-mobile(LG G Flex)
• The high-level mobile family is the LG G Series
• The latest LG phone is the LG G4( it has a leather back)

• The official phone of Google, and they test the unofficial Android system( for example: now, the latest Android is 5.1.1 --> Nexus runs 5.3.3)
• They delegate other Android manufacturers to produce the actual Nexus
• The first Nexus was created by HTC in 2010, and other companies, such as Samsung, Motorola, Asus, Huawei and LG also made Nexus devices

Huawei

Samsung

Motorola

The Huawei Ascend P7

LG

Dishwasher

• idea: Josephine Cochrane

parties dirty dishes personnel broke some of them

• early times: used by restaurants and hotels
• works with electricity and water
• advantages:

• less arduous
• cleaner dishes (warmer water)
• uses less water environmentally friendly
• saves time

‘Black Box’

• brands: Whirlpool, Electrolux, Bosch etc.
• middle class people

1893: Chicago World Expo - production 1897

- cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder — together ‘Black Box’

- vitally important at the plane crash — what happened just before the crash

- actually not black, but bright orange

- countless tests, exposures and fires (1,110°C for an hour and 260°C heat for 10 hours).

- between -55° to +70°C

- minimum 25 hours of flight data

- invented by Dr. David Warren in the mid-1950s

- work on a basic flight data recorder.

Apple Inc.

• American multinational technology company
• created by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne
• 1st Macintosh was released in '84
• products:
• Mac
• iPod
• IPHONE
• iPad
• Apple Watch
• Apple TV
• 453 retail stores in 16 countries and online store available in 39 countries

GUIDE

The first four are the most important

- idea: Why was it created – what is its main idea? (name: what does it mean, how does it show, what it is about?)

- how does it work? (parts, theories – not in great technical depth)

- function: what is it used for?

- usefulness: what does it help? What makes it new and sellable? Who uses it?

- sources

Additional ideas

- history – what was before it – what did it replace?

- creators: who created it and how did it change since it was created?

- future: how do people imagine its future?

- life expectancy? – How long does one item work?

- waste: how is it recycled – what happens to its waste?

Wristwatch

Watch

• Robert Dudley, 16th century, first wristwatch

Queen Elizabeth I.

source:

Wikipédia

• 16-19th century exclusively worn by women, men wore pocket watches

• first wriswatches for men: military
• after 1st World War: mass production

• word: came from : woecce, meant: watchman
• purpose: measurement of time
• before mechanical watch: water clock, hourglass, sundial
• history: first mechanical clock: pendulum clock ( Europe, 14th century )

Planes part II.

Fridge

History

Smartwatches

Apple Watch

• Samsung, Apple

Categories

Samsung Gear

in mythology:

• military
• commercial

• artificial colder temperature
• to keep things cold
• natural: for centuries : water ice cooling : created in winter, take well insulated and shady place
• artificial: fridge
• begining: let down into the well, put inside a hole,chamber
• 1748:William Cullen first artificial cooling

did't put the findings to practical use

• first cold-making machine :1851 John Gorrie, USA
• for use: - food and drink keep cold ( perishable)

- fruits and vegetables

- meat

- cooked food

- soup

- desserts

• freezer ( modern ): usually meat ( ice cream,frozen vegetables )
• energy: electricity, but : environmentally friendly: less energy
• kb. 3 billion people
• very usefull at nowadays
• works 10-15 years
• refrigerator-fridge
• future : maybe cordless

• GPS
• make calls
• SMS
• change watch faces
• connected to your phone with bluetooth
• personal trainer

• the people who spend 80$/day can afford it

• Ancient Greece
• Daedalus and Icarus
• wanted to fly away from Crete

Luxury watches

in real life:

• Rolex, Tudor: 1905, London, England
• Omega SA: 1932, Switzerland
• Panerai: 1860, Florence, Italy
• Patek Philippe & Co.: 1851, Geneve, handmade

movement of a watch

• the people who spend 80$/day can afford these kind of watches

Future

• 1st gliders- 9th century-Arabic attempts - pilots injured
• Leonardo Da Vinci - man-powered aircraft
• 21 November 1783 - Paris- the first man directed balloon

Wright brothers:

• Flyer I.
• 1903.12.17.
• 12 sec
• Flyer II.
• by 1905
• Dayton, Ohio today called the home of aviation
• the first aeroplane
• take off - landing several times

• space "planes"
• NASA

air line people can afford it, but today you can choose budget airlines and they are cheaper

Have a good flight!

• later in WW I.

THE FUTURE OF CAMERAS

smaller

voice control

built into glasses

record scents

--

phones

Camera

EVOLUTION OF CAMERAS

IDEA

The magnetic train

1839 – The Daguerreotype Camera

1500 – The Pinhole Camera

Cica

• created to preserve images
• before: painting, drawing
• only artists could capture the moments

1900 – The Reise Camera

1925 – The Leica I

Chinese philosopher (5th century)

• pinhole can form an inverted and focused image

1975 – Kodak Digital Camera

1947 – Polaroid Model 95

• It is a Japanese bullet train (maglev)
• It was created to make land traveling as fast as it can be
• The fastest in the world: 603 km/h (2003)
• It is flying on a magnetized track
• It uses only magnetic energy
• It is very useful, because its the fastest way to travel on land
• The fastest of them will only operate in 2027
• There are not clear data about the original maglev trains designer
• It is used in Asian countries, like Japan, China

light passes through the hole and into a dark area

2000 – Sharp J-SH04

1986 – Fuji QuickSnap

HISTORY

• first camera: Johann Zahn designed it in 1685
• first photograph:Joseph Nicephore Niepce in 1814.

2008 – GoPro HD HERO

2007 – Apple iPhone

ENERGY

• electrical energy

stored in batteries (as chemical energy)

2015 - 360 camera

Action Cameras

• manufacturer, 2002- Nick Woodman (GoPro name)
• 2004- 1st Camera show
• 2006-Digital Hero 1 (10 seconds)
• 2010 HD Digital Hero
• 2012-Hero 3 :big changes: 3 types, 4k videos(!),smaller , lighter, WIFI connection.
• 2014-Hero 4: touch screen, better quality and FPS
• Accesories: waterproof case, bands

Excavators

• Easier to move earth

• Hydraulic engine-uses diesel

• Previously it used steam

• Usually it used on constructions

• Multifaceted-it can do a lot type of work

• to dig
• to destroy
• to mine

• You can dig pits with it

• The world biggest excavator is Bagger 288