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OBJECTIVES:

A. List the main purposes of transmission-based isolation

B. Identify the main requirements for airborne precautions, contact precautions, and protective or reverse isolation precautions

C. Differentiate between clean and contaminated as it relates to isolation

Maintaining

Transmission-Based Isolation Precaution

Transmission-based isolation precautions are used to limit contact with pathogenic organisms....

3.Standard precautions do not eliminate need for specific transmission-based isolation precautions....

A. Standard precautions are used on all patients

B. Transmission-based isolation used to provide extra protection against specific diseases or pathogens to prevent their spread

1. Techniques help prevent transmission

2. Protect patient, family, & health care provider

3. Type of transmission-based isolation used depends on what the causative organism of the disease is, how the organism is transmitted, and whether the pathogen is antibiotic- resistant

a. PPE used to protect from pathogens

b. use of gowns, gloves, face shields, and etc.

ECG

62

2.Transmission-based isolation precautions are required for communicable diseases

bpm

A. Method or technique of caring for patients with communicable diseases

B. Examples: tuberculosis, wound infections, and pertussis (whooping cough)

Introduction

1. Health care workers deals with many different diseases and disorders:

A. Some diseases are communicable

B. Caused by an organism that can be transmitted easily

C. Epidemic (occurs when spread from one person to the other)

D. Pandemic (outbreak of disease over a wide area)

wound infection

Ways Communicable Diseases are Spread

1. Direct contact with patients

2. Contact with dirty linen, equipments, and supplies

3. Contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions (urine), and discharges from wounds

Terms used in Transmission

Based Isolation

Four Main Classifications Precautions

Continuation....

Contaminated or dirty:

a. Items contain disease producing organisms (clothing during patient care)

b. must not be touched unless protected

Protective or Reverse Location

Clean:

Droplet Precautions

a. Followed for patient known to be infected during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing

Ex. Haemophilus influenzae meningitis and pneumonia

b. Use Standard Precautions

c. Other Precautions required:

Patient in private room (if occupied, find a room that has NOT the same infection patient and place the patient in a distance of at least 3 feet from the new patient)

d. Masks worn when working within 3 ft of patient ALL THE TIME

e. patient should wear mask if required to be transported

Contact Precautions

a. Followed for any patients known to be infected

b. If private room is not available, place patient in room with patient who has an active infection with same organism

c. Gloves and Gowns worn at all time & removed before leaving room

d. Transport of patient should be for essential purposes only

e. Rooms must receive daily cleaning

f. Patient care equipment should be left in the room and used only by/for this patient

g. All equipment must be disinfected and clean when removed from room

  • recommended by the CDC in conjunction with the NCID & HICPAC
  • List of infections/ conditions is provided to health care facilities
  • Facilities can follow the guidelines to determine the type of transmission- based isolation that should be used
  • Standard precautions:

a. used for all patients

b. patient placed in private room if contaminated

c. every health care worker must be well informed about standard precautions and follow recommendations for the use of gloves & etc.

  • Airborne Precautions: a. used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei (measles)
  • Other precautions:

a. air in room should be filtered before being circulated to other areas

b. everyone must wear respiratory protection

  • fit tested mask contains special filters to prevent entrance of pathogens
  • men with facial hair cannot wear
  • people susceptible to chicken pox or measles should not enter room
  • patient should wear surgical mask if required to be transported

a. items that do not contain the organisms (inside of gown and gloves & neckband of gowns and ties at neck)

b. must make every effort to prevent contamination

A. Method used to protect certain patients from organisms present in environment

B. Used for immunocompromised patients or whose body defenses are not capable of protecting them from infections/ diseases

C. Examples of patients:

  • severely burned or malnourished patients
  • patients whose immune system has been depressed prior to transplant
  • patient whose immune system has failed

D. Precautions vary depending on the patient's condition

  • room is cleaned and disinfected before patient is put in room
  • frequent disinfection occurs while the patient occupies the room
  • wear clean or sterile gowns, gloves, and masks when entering room
  • all equipment and supplies disinfected
  • special filters to purify air that enters room
  • every effort made to protect patient from microorganisms
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