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A. List the main purposes of transmission-based isolation
B. Identify the main requirements for airborne precautions, contact precautions, and protective or reverse isolation precautions
C. Differentiate between clean and contaminated as it relates to isolation
A. Standard precautions are used on all patients
B. Transmission-based isolation used to provide extra protection against specific diseases or pathogens to prevent their spread
1. Techniques help prevent transmission
2. Protect patient, family, & health care provider
3. Type of transmission-based isolation used depends on what the causative organism of the disease is, how the organism is transmitted, and whether the pathogen is antibiotic- resistant
a. PPE used to protect from pathogens
b. use of gowns, gloves, face shields, and etc.
A. Method or technique of caring for patients with communicable diseases
B. Examples: tuberculosis, wound infections, and pertussis (whooping cough)
1. Health care workers deals with many different diseases and disorders:
A. Some diseases are communicable
B. Caused by an organism that can be transmitted easily
C. Epidemic (occurs when spread from one person to the other)
D. Pandemic (outbreak of disease over a wide area)
wound infection
1. Direct contact with patients
2. Contact with dirty linen, equipments, and supplies
3. Contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions (urine), and discharges from wounds
a. Items contain disease producing organisms (clothing during patient care)
b. must not be touched unless protected
Droplet Precautions
a. Followed for patient known to be infected during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing
Ex. Haemophilus influenzae meningitis and pneumonia
b. Use Standard Precautions
c. Other Precautions required:
Patient in private room (if occupied, find a room that has NOT the same infection patient and place the patient in a distance of at least 3 feet from the new patient)
d. Masks worn when working within 3 ft of patient ALL THE TIME
e. patient should wear mask if required to be transported
Contact Precautions
a. Followed for any patients known to be infected
b. If private room is not available, place patient in room with patient who has an active infection with same organism
c. Gloves and Gowns worn at all time & removed before leaving room
d. Transport of patient should be for essential purposes only
e. Rooms must receive daily cleaning
f. Patient care equipment should be left in the room and used only by/for this patient
g. All equipment must be disinfected and clean when removed from room
a. used for all patients
b. patient placed in private room if contaminated
c. every health care worker must be well informed about standard precautions and follow recommendations for the use of gloves & etc.
a. air in room should be filtered before being circulated to other areas
b. everyone must wear respiratory protection
a. items that do not contain the organisms (inside of gown and gloves & neckband of gowns and ties at neck)
b. must make every effort to prevent contamination
A. Method used to protect certain patients from organisms present in environment
B. Used for immunocompromised patients or whose body defenses are not capable of protecting them from infections/ diseases
C. Examples of patients:
D. Precautions vary depending on the patient's condition